LAPSE:2021.0758
Published Article
LAPSE:2021.0758
LC-UV and UPLC-MS/MS Methods for Analytical Study on Degradation of Three Antihistaminic Drugs, Ketotifen, Epinastine and Emedastine: Percentage Degradation, Degradation Kinetics and Degradation Pathways at Different pH
October 14, 2021
Evaluation of pH-dependent reactivity of drugs is an essential component in the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, the stability of three antihistaminic drugs, i.e., ketotifen, epinastine and emedastine, was tested, in solutions of five pH values, i.e., 1.0, 3.0, 7.0, 10.0 and 13.0, at high temperature (70 °C). LC-UV isocratic methods were developed to estimate percentage degradation as well as the kinetics of degradation. Generally, epinastine was shown to be the most stable compound with degradation below 14%. Emedastine was labile in all pH conditions, with degradation in the range 29.26−51.88%. Ketotifen was moderately stable at pH 1−7 (degradation ≤ 14.04%). However, at pH ≥ 10, its degradation exceeded 30%. The kinetics of degradation of ketotifen, epinastine and emedastine was shown as a pseudo-first-order reaction with the rate constants in the range 10−4−10−3 min−1 Finally, the UPLC-MS/MS method was applied to identify the main degradants and suggest degradation pathways. Degradation of ketotifen proceeded with oxidation and demethylation in the piperidine ring of the molecule. As far as epinastine was concerned, opening of the imidazole ring with formation of the amide group was observed. Unfortunately, no degradation products for emedastine were detected. The present results complete the literary data and may be important for both manufacturing of these drugs and their administration to patients.
Keywords
degradation in solutions, epinastine and emedastine, ketotifen, LC-UV and UPLC-MS/MS methods, new degradation products, pH and high temperature
Subject
Suggested Citation
Gumieniczek A, Kozak I, Żmudzki P, Hubicka U. LC-UV and UPLC-MS/MS Methods for Analytical Study on Degradation of Three Antihistaminic Drugs, Ketotifen, Epinastine and Emedastine: Percentage Degradation, Degradation Kinetics and Degradation Pathways at Different pH. (2021). LAPSE:2021.0758
Author Affiliations
Gumieniczek A: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland [ORCID]
Kozak I: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
Żmudzki P: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland [ORCID]
Hubicka U: Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland [ORCID]
Journal Name
Processes
Volume
9
Issue
1
First Page
pr9010064
Year
2020
Publication Date
2020-12-30
Published Version
ISSN
2227-9717
Version Comments
Original Submission
Other Meta
PII: pr9010064, Publication Type: Journal Article
Record Map
Published Article

LAPSE:2021.0758
This Record
External Link

doi:10.3390/pr9010064
Publisher Version
Download
Files
[Download 1v1.pdf] (6.4 MB)
Oct 14, 2021
Main Article
License
CC BY 4.0
Meta
Record Statistics
Record Views
332
Version History
[v1] (Original Submission)
Oct 14, 2021
 
Verified by curator on
Oct 14, 2021
This Version Number
v1
Citations
Most Recent
This Version
URL Here
https://psecommunity.org/LAPSE:2021.0758
 
Original Submitter
Calvin Tsay
Links to Related Works
Directly Related to This Work
Publisher Version