Low-rank coal is difficult to upgrade using conventional flotation methods due to its high hydrophilic properties. Thus, it is necessary to explore new methods for upgrading and utilizing low-rank coal. In this investigation, a gaseous dodecane pretreatment method was used to enhance the flotation performance of low-rank coal. Pore distribution analysis, FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and contact angle measurements were used to study the surface properties of the coal sample. Size distribution and float-sink test results indicated that the coal sample contained a lot of clean coal with low ash content, which could be used as a high quality raw material for making coal water slurry. FTIR, pore distribution analysis, and contact angle results showed that the coal was very hydrophilic due to the high concentration of -OH group and the large number of pores and cracks on the coal surface. The hydrophobicity of the coal sample was significantly improved by the gaseous dodecane pretreatment method. Clean coal with 67.2% combustible matter recovery and 10.5% ash content was obtained by gaseous dodecane pretreatment flotation method. Coal water slurry with 60% concentration was prepared using the flotation clean coal.