Achieving accurate path tracking and vehicle stability control for four-wheel independent drive electric trucks under complex driving conditions, such as high speed and low adhesion, remains a major challenge in current research. Poor coordination control may cause the vehicle to deviate from its intended path and become unstable. To address this issue, this article proposes a coordinated control strategy consisting of a three-layer control framework. In the upper layer controller design, establish a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) path tracking controller to ensure precise steering control by eliminating steady-state errors through feedforward control. The middle layer controller utilizes the fractional order sliding mode control (FOSMC) yaw moment controller to calculate the additional yaw moment based on the steering angle of the upper input, utilizing the error of yaw rate and sideslip angle as the state variable. To collectively optimize the control system, establish a coordinate... [more]

The Baode Block in the Ordos Basin is currently one of the most successfully developed and largest gas field of low−medium rank coal in China. However, the production of coal fine has affected the continuous and stable drainage and efficient development of this area. The special response and mechanism of differential fluid action during the drainage process is one of the scientific issues that must be faced to solve this production problem. In view of this, the evolution laws of a reservoir’s macro−micro physical characteristics under different fluid conditions (fluid pressure, salinity) have been revealed, and the response mechanism of coal fine migration-induced reservoir damage has been elucidated through a nuclear magnetic resonance online displacement system. The results indicated that pores at different scales exhibited varying patterns with increasing displacement pressure. The proportion of the mesopore and transition pore is not affected by salinity and is positively correlate... [more]

This Special Issue, entitled “Food Processing and Food Analysis: Principles, Techniques, and Applications”, explores perspectives and latest advances in the field of food science [...]

Recycling of coal resources left behind in goafs and the treatment and utilization of solid waste from mines are topical issues faced by the global coal mining industry at present. With the annual reduction of recoverable reserves of coal resources and the dependence on coal resources that are difficult to replace, the problems have become increasingly prominent, seriously limiting the development of coal resources and the implementation of environmental protection work. The mutual influence between the strength of filling materials and the size of loose coal in the CRRM process through numerical simulation experiments, laboratory rock mechanics experiments, and on-site large-scale similar simulation material experiments is explored. It is ultimately believed that selecting a filling material with a 20 cm particle size of loose coal and a 90% proportion of loose coal for 7 days can meet the requirements of the CRRM process, and this conclusion has been verified through on-site engineer... [more]

Reservoir heterogeneity is an important factor in oil and gas exploration and development. It has guiding significance for favourable target optimization because it helps clarify the formation and development characteristics of laminae: thin, alternating layers of sediment deposited in a repeating pattern in Cretaceous sandstone reservoirs. Reservoir heterogeneity is higher when laminae are densely distributed. For example, laminae have a significant influence on reservoir properties in the Kelasu structural belt in the Bozi−Dabei area, Tarim Basin, China, where oil and gas wells have very low productivity. Hence, this study attempts to develop a classification scheme based on laminae to identify how they influence reservoir properties. Based on an analysis of cores, thin section and logging imaging data, laminae in this area can be classified into three types: magnetite-enriched, iron-stained argillaceous-enriched, and grain-size change. Results show that magnetite-enriched and iron-s... [more]

In order to optimize the slit/slot geometry design of a bipropellant pintle injector, the impinging spray development of a pintle injector was numerically investigated. The VOF (volume of fluid) and LES (large eddy simulation) methods were employed for an analysis to capture the gas−liquid interface by means of the AMR (adaptive mesh refinement) method. In those simulation cases, different flowrates, slot numbers, pintle diameters, slot thicknesses and slot shapes were compared for an analysis. In a comparison of visualization and quantification, a high flowrate and large pintle diameter were shown to be more positive features for improving the atomization quality and mixing effect. As for the slot parameters and shape, the spray development was mainly determined by the flow proportion between the slit jet and slot jet. The simulation results indicated that dominant slot jets cause a more dispersed spatial distribution, which is more conducive to the subsequent improvement of combustio... [more]

The petroleum industry produces thousands of barrels of oilfield waters from the initial stage driven by primary production mechanisms to the tertiary stage. These produced waters contain measurable amounts of oil-in-water emulsions, the exact amounts being determined by the chemistry of the crude oil. To meet strict environmental regulations governing the disposal of such produced waters, demulsification to regulatory permissible levels is required. Within the electric double layer theory, coupled with the analytical solutions to the Poisson−Boltzmann Equation, continuum electrostatics approaches can be used to describe the stability and electrokinetic properties of emulsions. In the literature, much of the surface charge density and zeta potential relationship to emulsion stability has been confined to systems with less salinity. In this paper, we have exploited the theoretical foundations of the electric double layer theory to carry out theoretical evaluations of emulsion salinity b... [more]

An algorithm based on the YOLOv5 model is proposed to address safety incidents such as tearing and blockage at transfer points on belt conveyors in coal mines caused by foreign objects mixed in with the coal flow. Given the tough underground conditions and images acquired with low quality, recursive filtering and MSRCR image enhancement algorithms were utilized to preprocess the dynamic images collected by underground monitoring devices, substantially enhancing image quality. The YOLOv5 model has been improved by introducing a multi-scale attention module (MSAM) during the channel map slicing, thereby increasing the model’s resistance to interference from redundant image features. Deep separable convolution was utilized in place of conventional convolution to detect, identify, and process large foreign objects on the belt conveyor as well as to increase detection speed. The MSAM-YOLOv5 model was trained before being installed on the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX platform and utilized to iden... [more]

The identification and analysis of harmonics, frequency, and transient events are essential today. It is necessary to have available data relating to harmonics, frequency, and transient events to understand power systems and their proper control and analysis. Power quality monitoring is the first step in identifying power quality disturbances and reducing them and, as a result, improving the performance of the power system. In this paper, while presenting different methods for measuring these quantities, we have made some corrections to them. These reforms have been obtained through the analysis of power network signals. Finally, we introduce a new monitoring system capable of measuring harmonics, frequency, and transient events in the network. In addition, these values are provided for online and offline calculations of harmonics, frequency, and transient events. In this paper, two new and practical methods of the “algebraic method” are used to calculate network harmonics and wavelet... [more]

High pressure homogenization (HPH) pretreatment can improve sludge anaerobic digestion; however, the relationship among the material, energy conversion, and gas production efficiency was unclear under different operating conditions in sludge anaerobic digestion by HPH pretreatment. In this study, the performance of HPH pretreatment before sludge anaerobic digestion was investigated, and the relationship among the material, energy conversion, and gas production efficiency was explored. HPH pretreatment induced organic solubilization, and a maximum soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD)/total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) of about 30% was achieved. Results showed that HPH pretreatment significantly improved the biogas production of sludge anaerobic digestion; the maximum increase in CH4 yield was 57%; and the anaerobic digestion period was shortened by about 10 days. The ratio of CH4 yield increment to volatile dissolved solids (VDS) increment was 0.21 mL/mg. The CH4 yield increment of 1... [more]

The use of new technologies for the removal of pollutants from wastewater has become globally necessary due to the complexity and facilities defined by conventional treatments. Advanced oxidative processes, specifically the Fenton process, have become widely applied given their low cost and ease of use. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the progression of the scientific publications on the implementation of Fenton process, investigating their space−time evolution. Additionally, useful solutions, trends, and gaps in the applications for the removal of pollutants with this methodology were identified, and also different remediation strategies and the design of new treatments for wastewaters were identified within this scientometric analysis. Bibliometric research was conducted in two scientific databases, Web of Science and Scopus, from 2011 to 2022, and we identified 932 and 1263 studies with the word “Fenton,” respectively. When these publications are associated with the treatmen... [more]

In recent years, new breakthroughs have been made in the field of shale oil and gas exploration in the Lower Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation in Sichuan Basin. At present, there is a lack of systematic studies on reservoir properties and sedimentary facies of the Lianggaoshan Formation shale. Therefore, in this study, taking the Lianggaoshan Formation in Sichuan Basin as an example, the sedimentary facies types of shale reservoirs and their control over shale oil and gas are systematically studied, based on a large number of outcrops, experimental testing, logging, and seismic interpretation methods. The results show that five sedimentary microfacies are developed in the Lianggaoshan Formation in the study area, namely, semi-deep lake mud, shallow lake mud, wave-influenced shallow lake mud, delta-influenced shallow lake mud, and underwater interbranch bay microfacies. The stratum thickness of the Lianggaoshan Formation is in the range of 26−315 m, and mainly distributed in the eastern r... [more]

Currently, most explored oil fields in Russia are at a late stage of development, and in order to maintain high levels of oil production, it is rational to put into operation fields with hard-to-recover reserves. For complicated oil fields, in particular fields with high-viscosity oil, the known traditional methods of development are ineffective. Therefore, the search for new technologies for the development and operation of such fields to significantly increase oil recovery and intensify production is of fundamental importance. One such method of heat treatment of the bottomhole formation zone is the use of heat and gas generating systems on site. In this work, new results were obtained on physical modeling of thermochemical reaction initiation with delayed-action catalyst (2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid) filtration tests on composite core models of sandstone and carbonate with foam heat generation and initiating additives of binary type. Using hydrodynamic modelling, the results... [more]

Over time, distribution systems have progressed from small-scale systems to complex networks, requiring modernization to adapt to these increasing levels of active loads and devices. It is essential to manage the capacity of distribution networks to support all these new technologies. This work, therefore, presents a method for evaluating the impact of optimal allocation and sizing of DGs and load shedding for response demand programs on distribution networks to improve the reliability and financial performance of electric power systems. The proposed optimization tool uses the Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure and Tabu Search algorithms. The combined optimization of DG allocation simultaneously with load shedding, reliability indices, load transference, and the possibility of islanded operation significantly improves the quality of the planning proposals obtained by the developed method. The results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method, improving t... [more]

Disassembly sequence planning (DSP) is a key approach for optimizing various industrial equipment-maintenance processes. Finding fast and effective DSP solutions plays an important role in improving maintenance efficiency and quality. However, when disassembling industrial equipment, there are many uncertainties that can have a detrimental impact on the disassembly and subsequent maintenance work. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-objective DSP problem in an uncertain environment that addresses the uncertainties in the disassembly process through stochastic planning, with the objectives of minimizing disassembly time and enhancing responsiveness to priority maintenance components. Due to the complexity of the problem, an improved peafowl optimization algorithm (IPOA) is proposed for efficient problem-solving. The algorithm is specifically designed and incorporates four customized optimization mechanisms: peafowls’ courtship behavior, the adaptive behavior of female peafowls in pro... [more]

A method is proposed to address the challenging issue of load prediction in user-level integrated energy systems (IESs) using a composite VTDS model. Firstly, an IES multi-dimensional load time series is decomposed into multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) using variational mode decomposition (VMD). Then, each IMF, along with other influential features, is subjected to data dimensionality reduction and clustering denoising using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and fast density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (FDBSCAN) to perform major feature selection. Subsequently, the reduced and denoised data are reconstructed, and a time-aware long short-term memory (T-LSTM) artificial neural network is employed to fill in missing data by incorporating time interval information. Finally, the selected multi-factor load time series is used as input into a support vector regression (SVR) model optimized using the quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) a... [more]

High-speed water jets are widely used in deep mining and the in-depth study of jet characteristics helps to improve drilling efficiency. Three-dimensional Large Eddy Simulation is used to simulate turbulent flows generated by an organ-pipe nozzle. The simulation is validated with existing experimental data and is focused on the evolution and interaction of cavitation bubbles and vortices. Dynamic mode decomposition is performed to extract structural information about the different motion modes and their stability. Results show that the dominant fluid frequency is positively correlated with inlet pressure while unrelated to the divergence angle. Meanwhile, jets’ oscillation is amplified by a large divergence angle, which facilitates the occurrence of cavitation. Results about the flow field outside of an organ-pipe nozzle advance the understanding of the basic mechanism of cavitation jets.

At present, the hydraulic systems of electric forklifts and traditional internal combustion forklifts are mostly valve-controlled speed-regulation systems, which have large throttling losses and potential energy waste. To further improve the energy-saving ability of electric forklifts, the forklift’s common working conditions are analyzed in this paper. A throttling loss energy-regeneration system based on pressure difference pump control is designed, and the system’s working principle is described. Aiming to deal with the problem that the pump−valve compound speed regulation with constant pressure difference could not realize high controllability and energy saving at the same time, a control strategy for variable pressure difference pump−valve compound speed regulation based on pressure balance control is proposed. The handle signal is positively related to the target speed of the oil cylinder. In the low-speed stage, the closed-loop control of the actual output torque of the motor/ge... [more]

Small-scale continuous apparatuses for solid product manufacturing are receiving increasing interest due to the demand for the fast market availability of specialty chemical products manufactured in integrated and modular processing plants. Relevant unit operations span from crystallization over solid−liquid separation and filter cake washing to drying. For this purpose, the quasi-continuous filter belt crystallizer (QCFBC) was developed and is presented here. The newly integrated unit operations with positive pressure filtration (Δpmax = 0.8 bar), filter cake washing (V˙wash = 55 mL·min−1), and convection drying (Tdry = 60 °C) have been individually characterized and integrated into the filter apparatus that has been modified for continuous operation. They were synchronized with the flexible cooling crystallization, enabling for a seamless production process. Sucrose in water was used as model substance system. Long-term operations of up to 14 h were successfully performed with dry pr... [more]

The Special Issue entitled “Air Quality Monitoring for Smart Cities and Industrial Applications” addresses the pressing concern of environmental pollution, particularly air pollution, and its impact on global well-being [...]