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Records with Keyword: Energy Storage
Showing records 76 to 100 of 294. [First] Page: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Last
Catalytic Electrochemical Water Splitting Using Boron Doped Diamond (BDD) Electrodes as a Promising Energy Resource and Storage Solution
Yousef Al-Abdallat, Inshad Jumah, Rami Jumah, Hanadi Ghanem, Ahmad Telfah
April 3, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Materials
Keywords: BDD, boron doped diamond, CuO NPs, Energy Storage, water splitting, ZnO NPs
The present study developed a new system of electrochemical water splitting using a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode in the electrochemical reactor. The new method assessed the electrical current, acidity (pH), electrical conductivity, absorbance, dissipation, and splitting energies in addition to the water splitting efficiency of the overall process. Employing CuO NPs and ZnO NPs as catalysts induced a significant impact in reducing the dissipated energy and in increasing the efficiency of splitting water. Specifically, CuO NPs showed a significant enhancement in reducing the dissipated energy and in keeping the electrical current of the reaction stable. Meanwhile, the system catalyzed with ZnO NPs induced a similar impact as that for CuO NPs at a lower rate only. The energy dissipation rates in the system were found to be 48% and 65% by using CuO and ZnO NPs, respectively. However, the dissipation rate for the normalized system without catalysis (water buffer at pH = 6.5) is known... [more]
Sizing and Control Algorithms of a Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Fuel Cells
Arkadiusz Adamczyk
April 3, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Energy Storage, fuel cell, hybrid batter, optimal sizing, power management
Growing consciousness of the threat posed by man-made climate change has spurred government institutions, industry, and science to find clean fuels to power economic activity. Fuel cells powered by hydrogen are one of the steps in gaining clean energy. To improve the efficiency of the fuel cell, the hybrid solutions are required. This article shows a new approach to the design and control of a hybrid energy storage system for portable applications. The methodology allows us to optimize the desired physical parameters of the elements (weight or size) in order to withstand the connected load power demand. Such an approach allows us to minimize weight, which is essential in portable systems. The methodology was proven by building a technology demonstrator. The measurements of physical objects verified the electrical parameters received during simulation and allowed a lower weight of the system, compared to the system based only on Li-ion batteries.
Systematic Analysis of Materials for Coated Adsorbers for Application in Adsorption Heat Pumps or Refrigeration Systems
Oscar Banos, Sven Ohmann, Felix Alscher, Cornelia Breitkopf, Vicente Pacheco, Maja Glorius, Matthias Veit
April 3, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Materials
Keywords: Adsorption, composites, Energy Storage, heat pumps, hydrates, refrigeration
Water vapor sorption in salt hydrates is a promising method to realize seasonal solar heat storage. Several of these materials have already shown promising performance for this application. However, a significant bottle neck for applications is the low thermal conductivity. In this study, several fabrication methods of the fixation of salts and their hydrates on metals to overcome the problem are presented. The products are analyzed concerning the hydration states, the corrosion behavior, the chemical compatibility, and the mechanical stability.
Fast Transactive Control for Frequency Regulation in Smart Grids with Demand Response and Energy Storage
Andrew Ly, Saeid Bashash
April 3, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: demand-side energy management, Energy Storage, load frequency control, smart grid, thermostatically controlled loads, transactive control
This paper proposes a framework for controlling grid frequency by engaging the generation-side and demand-side resources simultaneously, via a fast transactive control approach. First, we use a proportional frequency-price relation to build and analyze a transactive frequency droop controller for a single-area power grid. Then, we develop a transactive demand response system by incorporating a large population of thermostatically controlled air conditioning loads. A proportional-integral controller is used to adjust the setpoint temperature of the air conditioners based on price variations. A battery storage system is then developed and augmented to the system to capture the energy arbitrage effects. A nonlinear price-responsive battery management system is developed to enable effective charging and discharging operations within the battery’s state-of-charge and power constraints. Simulation results indicate that the proposed transactive control system improves the steady-state and tra... [more]
A Comparison of Dispatchable RES Technoeconomics: Is There a Niche for Concentrated Solar Power?
Alexandra G. Papadopoulou, George Vasileiou, Alexandros Flamos
April 3, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: concentrated solar power, Energy Storage, levelized cost of electricity, net present value, offshore wind, photovoltaics, renewable energy sources, sensitivity analysis, techno-economic assessment, wind energy
Raising the penetration of renewable energy sources constitutes one of the main pillars of contemporary decarbonization strategies. Within this context, further progress is required towards the optimal exploitation of their potential, especially in terms of dispatchability, where the role of storage is considered vital. Although current literature delves into either storage per se or the integration of storage solutions in single renewable technologies, the comparative advantages of each technology remain underexplored. However, high-penetration solutions of renewable energy sources (RES) are expected to combine different technological options. Therefore, the conditions under which each technology outperforms their counterparts need to be thoroughly investigated, especially in cases where storage components are included. This paper aims to deal with this gap, by means of assessing the combination of three competing technologies, namely concentrated solar power (CSP), photovoltaics (PV)... [more]
Use of AMT Transformers and Distributed Storage Systems to Enhance Electrical Feeding Systems for Tramways
Romano Giglioli, Giovanni Lutzemberger, Luca Sani
April 3, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: amorphous transformer, Energy Storage, failure, feeding substation, tramway
Tramway systems are more and more diffused today, to reduce pollution and greenhouse emissions. However, their electrical feeding substations can have significant margin for improvement. Therefore, it is questionable which kind of changes can be introduced, by changing their main features. First of all, transformer technology can be enhanced, by moving from the standard transformer to the amorphous metal one; thus, guaranteeing a significant reduction in losses. Then, by installing one dedicated storage systems for each substation. This solution can help to increase the energy efficiency; thus, recovering the tram braking energy and reducing the delivered energy from the grid, and also the reliability of the system; thus, guarantee different levels of services, in the case of failure of a feeding substation. This paper investigates in a systematic approach the two proposed solutions. In particular an amorphous metal transformer has been properly designed, and performance compared to th... [more]
Machine Learning for Energy Systems
Denis Sidorov, Fang Liu, Yonghui Sun
April 3, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, cyber-physical systems, energy management system, Energy Storage, energy systems, forecasting, industrial mathematics, intelligent control, inverse problems, load leveling, offshore wind farm, Optimization, pattern recognition, power control, smart microgrid, Volterra equations
The objective of this editorial is to overview the content of the special issue “Machine Learning for Energy Systems”. This special issue collects innovative contributions addressing the top challenges in energy systems development, including electric power systems, heating and cooling systems, and gas transportation systems. The special attention is paid to the non-standard mathematical methods integrating data-driven black box dynamical models with classic mathematical and mechanical models. The general motivation of this special issue is driven by the considerable interest in the rethinking and improvement of energy systems due to the progress in heterogeneous data acquisition, data fusion, numerical methods, machine learning, and high-performance computing. The editor of this special issue has made an attempt to publish a book containing original contributions addressing theory and various applications of machine learning in energy systems’ operation, monitoring, and design. The re... [more]
Energy-Positive House: Performance Assessment through Simulation and Measurement
Phillip Jones, Xiaojun Li, Ester Coma Bassas, Emmanouil Perisoglou, Jo Patterson
April 3, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: building energy modelling, Energy Storage, energy-positive house, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, whole house systems approach
This paper presents the results for the operating energy performance of the smart operation for a low carbon energy region (SOLCER) house. The house design is based on a ‘systems’ approach, which integrates the building technologies for electrical and thermal energy systems, together with the architectural design. It is based on the concept of ‘energy positive’ buildings, utilising renewable energy systems which form part of the building envelope construction. The paper describes how the building energy model HTB2, with a range of additional ‘plugins’, has been used to simulate specific elements of the design and the overall energy performance of the house. Measurement data have been used in combination with the energy simulation results to evaluate the performance of the building together with its systems, and identifying the energy performance of individual components of the building. The study has indicated that an energy-positive performance can be achieved through an integrative s... [more]
Prognostics and Health Management for the Optimization of Marine Hybrid Energy Systems
Wenshuo Tang, Darius Roman, Ross Dickie, Valentin Robu, David Flynn
April 3, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: asset management, battery prognostics, condition monitoring, data-driven, Energy Storage, hybrid energy system, Optimization
Decarbonization of marine transport is a key global issue, with the carbon emissions of international shipping projected to increase 23% to 1090 million tonnes by 2035 in comparison to 2015 levels. Optimization of the energy system (especially propulsion system) in these vessels is a complex multi-objective challenge involving economical maintenance, environmental metrics, and energy demand requirements. In this paper, data from instrumented vessels on the River Thames in London, which includes environmental emissions, power demands, journey patterns, and variance in operational patterns from the captain(s) and loading (passenger numbers), is integrated and analyzed through automatic, multi-objective global optimization to create an optimal hybrid propulsion configuration for a hybrid vessel. We propose and analyze a number of computational techniques, both for monitoring and remaining useful lifetime (RUL) estimation of individual energy assets, as well as modeling and optimization of... [more]
Life Cycle Assessment of Synthetic Natural Gas Production from Different CO2 Sources: A Cradle-to-Gate Study
Eleonora Bargiacchi, Nils Thonemann, Jutta Geldermann, Marco Antonelli, Umberto Desideri
April 3, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Keywords: Carbon Capture Utilization, Energy Storage, Life Cycle Assessment, Power-to-Gas
Fuel production from hydrogen and carbon dioxide is considered an attractive solution as long-term storage of electric energy and as temporary storage of carbon dioxide. A large variety of CO2 sources are suitable for Carbon Capture Utilization (CCU), and the process energy intensity depends on the separation technology and, ultimately, on the CO2 concentration in the flue gas. Since the carbon capture process emits more CO2 than the expected demand for CO2 utilization, the most sustainable CO2 sources must be selected. This work aimed at modeling a Power-to-Gas (PtG) plant and assessing the most suitable carbon sources from a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) perspective. The PtG plant was supplied by electricity from a 2030 scenario for Italian electricity generation. The plant impacts were assessed using data from the ecoinvent database version 3.5, for different CO2 sources (e.g., air, cement, iron, and steel plants). A detailed discussion on how to handle multi-functionality was also ca... [more]
From Firm Solar Power Forecasts to Firm Solar Power Generation an Effective Path to Ultra-High Renewable Penetration a New York Case Study
Richard Perez, Marc Perez, James Schlemmer, John Dise, Thomas E. Hoff, Agata Swierc, Patrick Keelin, Marco Pierro, Cristina Cornaro
April 3, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Energy Storage, firm power generation, grid integration, implicit storage, irradiance forecasts, ultra-high RE penetration
We introduce firm solar forecasts as a strategy to operate optimally overbuilt solar power plants in conjunction with optimally sized storage systems so as to make up for any power prediction errors, and hence entirely remove load balancing uncertainty emanating from grid-connected solar fleets. A central part of this strategy is the plant overbuilding that we term implicit storage. We show that strategy, while economically justifiable on its own account, is an effective entry step to achieving least-cost ultra-high solar penetration where firm power generation will be a prerequisite. We demonstrate that in the absence of an implicit storage strategy, ultra-high solar penetration would be vastly more expensive. Using the New York Independent System Operator (NYISO) as a case study, we determine current and future costs of firm forecasts for a comprehensive set of scenarios in each ISO electrical region, comparing centralized vs. decentralized production and assessing load flexibility’s... [more]
The Design and Test for Degradation of Energy Density of a Silica Gel-Based Energy Storage System Using Low Grade Heat for Desorption Phase
Emmanuel Nyarko Ayisi, Karel Fraňa
March 31, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Materials
Keywords: Adsorption, Energy Storage, experimental device, material degradation, silica gel
This paper presents the design and a short cycle repeatability test of a silica gel-based thermal energy storage system using low grade heat for the desorption phase. The system was designed to test the degradation in the energy storage density of the adsorbent material for a 2 h working period in a short number of cycles (5 cycles). Low grade heat of 70 °C is used for regeneration during the desorption phase in each cycle. It was found that a reduction of 1.6 W/kg per each cycle of energy storage was observed, up to 5 cycles. The maximal heat storage density was 292 kJ/kg at the first cycle and reduced to 225 kJ/kg at the fifth cycle. Furthermore, the total amount of water vapor adsorbed in the silica gel was observed as well. The test of energy storage was performed under a short time period (maximal approx. 165 min).
Application of Phase Change Material-Based Thermal Capacitor in Double Tube Heat Exchanger—A Numerical Investigation
Matthew Fong, Jundika Kurnia, Agus P. Sasmito
March 31, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Materials
Keywords: Energy Storage, latent heat, phase change material, thermal capacitor, thermal smoothening, thermal storage
In many heat transfer related applications, there is a need for a stable, constant supply temperature. As a result, the integration of intermittent renewable sources of heat into these processes can prove to be challenging, requiring special temperature smoothing devices or strategies. This study focuses on the application of phase change materials integrated into a double tube heat exchanger as a possible thermal smoothing device. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of the exchanger to smoothen out temperature variations within the cold stream outlet while the hot stream is subject to oscillating inlet conditions. A computational fluid dynamics approach is used where a numerical model is developed, validated and then used to model the conjugate heat transfer within the heat exchanger. Four organic phase change materials (PCM) with different phase change temperatures were selected for investigation (myristic, octadecane, eicosane, and wax) to study the relationship b... [more]
Thermal Management of Stationary Battery Systems: A Literature Review
Martin Henke, Getu Hailu
March 31, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: battery, Energy Storage, lead–acid, lithium-ion, thermal management
Stationary battery systems are becoming increasingly common worldwide. Energy storage is a key technology in facilitating renewable energy market penetration and battery energy storage systems have seen considerable investment for this purpose. Large battery installations such as energy storage systems and uninterruptible power supplies can generate substantial heat in operation, and while this is well understood, the thermal management systems that currently exist have not kept pace with stationary battery installation development. Stationary batteries operating at elevated temperatures experience a range of deleterious effects and, in some cases, serious safety concerns can arise. Optimal thermal management prioritizes safety and balances costs between the cooling system and battery degradation due to thermal effects. Electric vehicle battery thermal management has undergone significant development in the past decade while stationary battery thermal management has remained mostly sta... [more]
Lyapunov-Function-Based Feedback Linearization Control Strategy of Modular Multilevel Converter−Bidirectional DC−DC Converter for Vessel Integrated Power Systems
Peng Chen, Jilong Liu, Fei Xiao, Zhichao Zhu, Zhaojie Huang
March 29, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: DC distribution, Energy Storage, feedback linearization, integrated power system, Lyapunov function
The modular multilevel converter−bidirectional DC−DC converter (MMC−BDC) has been proposed to be utilized in the vessel integrated power system to interconnect the medium voltage bus and the distributed energy storage elements. In the shipboard applications, MMC−BDC faces unbalanced sub-module power operation because of the inconsistent state-of-charge (SOC) of the energy storage elements. Researchers have investigated into the unbalanced operation principle of MMC−BDC and proposed some unbalanced operation control strategies, but these traditional strategies do not perform well in both aspects of operating range and efficiency. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel Lyapunov-function-based feedback linearization control strategy for the independent sub-module voltage control of MMC−BDC, which not only shows wide unbalanced operation range and high efficiency, but also realizes the decoupling and symmetrical control of the sub-module capacitor voltages.
Dynamic Cost-Optimal Assessment of Complementary Diurnal Electricity Storage Capacity in High PV Penetration Grid
Samuel Matthew G. Dumlao, Keiichi N. Ishihara
March 28, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Optimization
Keywords: cost-optimal, diurnal storage, Energy Storage, generation cost, growth trajectory, high PV penetration, Optimization, scenario analysis, solar curtailment
Solar Photovoltaics (PV) is seen as one of the renewable energy technologies that could help reduce the world’s dependence on fossil fuels. However, since it is dependent on the sun, it can only generate electricity in the daytime, and this restriction is exacerbated in electricity grids with high PV penetration, where solar energy must be curtailed due to the mismatch between supply and demand. This study conducts a techno-economic analysis to present the cost-optimal storage growth trajectory that could support the dynamic integration of solar PV within a planning horizon. A methodology for cost-optimal assessment that incorporates hourly simulation, Monte Carlo random sampling, and a proposed financial assessment is presented. This approach was tested in Japan’s southernmost region since it is continuously increasing its solar capacity and is at the precipice of high PV curtailment scenario. The results show the existence of a cost-optimal storage capacity growth trajectory that bal... [more]
Parametric Study of a Long-Duration Energy Storage Using Pumped-Hydro and Carbon Dioxide Transcritical Cycles
Paul Byrne, Pascal Lalanne
March 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Carbon Dioxide, Energy Storage, global warming potential, heat pump, lined rock cavern, PTES, pumped hydro, round-trip efficiency, thermal engine, thermo-electrical storage, underground pumped hydro
The urgent energy transition needs a better penetration of renewable energy in the world’s energy mix. The intermittency of renewables requires the use of longer-term storage. The present system uses water displacement, in a lined rock cavern or in an aerial pressurised vessel, as the virtual piston of compressor and expander functions in a carbon dioxide heat pump cycle (HPC) and in an organic transcritical cycle (OTC). Within an impermeable membrane, carbon dioxide is compressed and expanded by filling and emptying pumped-hydro water. Carbon dioxide exchanges heat with two atmospheric thermal storage pits. The hot fluid and ice pits are charged by the HPC when renewable energy becomes available and discharged by the OTC when electricity is needed. A numerical model was built to replicate the system’s losses and to calculate its round-trip efficiency (RTE). A subsequent parametric study highlights key parameters for sizing and optimisation. With an expected RTE of around 70%, this CO2... [more]
Review on the Status of the Research on Power-to-Gas Experimental Activities
Andrea Barbaresi, Mirko Morini, Agostino Gambarotta
March 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Energy Storage, Hydrogen, methanation, power-to-gas, project overview, smart energy systems
In recent years, power-to-gas technologies have been gaining ground and are increasingly proving their reliability. The possibility of implementing long-term energy storage and that of being able to capture and utilize carbon dioxide are currently too important to be ignored. However, systems of this type are not yet experiencing extensive realization in practice. In this study, an overview of the experimental research projects and the research and development activities that are currently part of the power-to-gas research line is presented. By means of a bibliographical and sitographical analysis, it was possible to identify the characteristics of these projects and their distinctive points. In addition, the main research targets distinguishing these projects are presented. This provides an insight into the research direction in this regard, where a certain technological maturity has been achieved and where there is still work to be done. The projects found and analyzed amount to 87,... [more]
Feedback Control Strategy for Transient Stability Application
Samuel T. Ojetola, Josh Wold, Daniel Trudnowski
March 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Energy Storage, power system control, power system stability, transient analysis, wide area measurements
Power systems are subjected to a wide range of disturbances during daily operations. Severe disturbances, such as a loss of a large generator, a three-phase bolted fault on a generator bus, or a loss of a transmission line, can lead to the loss of synchronism of a generator or group of generators. The ability of a power system to maintain synchronism during the few seconds after being subjected to a severe disturbance is known as transient stability. Most of the modern methods of controlling transient stability involve special protection schemes or remedial action schemes. These special protection schemes sense predetermined system conditions and take corrective actions, such as generator tripping or generation re-dispatch, in real time to maintain transient stability. Another method is the use of a real-time feedback control system to modulate the output of an actuator in response to a signal. This paper provides a fundamental evaluation of the use of feedback control strategies to im... [more]
Underground Storage of Green Hydrogen—Boundary Conditions for Compressor Systems
Heinz Bekebrok, Hendrik Langnickel, Adam Pluta, Marco Zobel, Alexander Dyck
March 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: compressor, Energy Storage, Hydrogen, hydrogen infrastructure, salt cavern, storage demand profile, underground storage
The large-scale storage of hydrogen in salt caverns, modelled on today’s natural gas storage, is a promising approach to storing renewable energy over a large power range and for the required time period. An essential subsystem of the overall gas storage is the surface facility and, in particular, the compressor system. The future design of compressor systems for hydrogen storage strongly depends on the respective boundary conditions. Therefore, this work analyses the requirements of compressor systems for cavern storage facilities for the storage of green hydrogen, i.e., hydrogen produced from renewable energy sources, using the example of Lower Saxony in Germany. In this course, a hydrogen storage demand profile of one year is developed in hourly resolution from feed-in time series of renewable energy sources. The injection profile relevant for compressor operation is compared with current natural gas injection operation modes.
Transition to Renewable Energy for Communities: Energy Storage Requirements and Dissipation
Efstathios E. Michaelides
March 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: dissipation, duck curve, Energy Storage, hydrogen storage, irradiance, microgrid, residential community, wind energy
The transition of residential communities to renewable energy sources is one of the first steps for the decarbonization of the energy sector, the reduction of CO2 emissions, and the mitigation of global climate change. This study provides information for the development of a microgrid, supplied by wind and solar energy, which meets the hourly energy demand of a community of 10,000 houses in the North Texas region; hydrogen is used as the energy storage medium. The results are presented for two cases: (a) when the renewable energy sources supply only the electricity demand of the community, and (b) when these sources provide the electricity as well as the heating needs (for space heating and hot water) of the community. The results show that such a community can be decarbonized with combinations of wind and solar installations. The energy storage requirements are between 2.7 m3 per household and 2.2 m3 per household. There is significant dissipation in the storage−regeneration processes... [more]
Techno-Economic Analysis of Low Carbon Hydrogen Production from Offshore Wind Using Battolyser Technology
Brian Jenkins, David Squires, John Barton, Dani Strickland, K. G. U. Wijayantha, James Carroll, Jonathan Wilson, Matthew Brenton, Murray Thomson
March 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: battolyser, electrolysis, Energy Storage, NPV, stochastic modelling, wind generation
A battolyser is a combined battery electrolyser in one unit. It is based on flow battery technology and can be adapted to produce hydrogen at a lower efficiency than an electrolyser but without the need for rare and expensive materials. This paper presents a method of determining if a battolyser connected to a wind farm makes economic sense based on stochastic modelling. A range of cost data and operational scenarios are used to establish the impact on the NPV and LCOE of adding a battolyser to a wind farm. The results are compared to adding a battery or an electrolyser to a wind farm. Indications are that it makes economic sense to add a battolyser or battery to a wind farm to use any curtailed wind with calculated LCOE at £56/MWh to £58/MWh and positive NPV over a range of cost scenarios. However, electrolysers, are still too expensive to make economic sense.
How Does the Electricity Demand Profile Impact the Attractiveness of PV-Coupled Battery Systems Combining Applications?
Alejandro Pena-Bello, Edward Barbour, Marta C. Gonzalez, Selin Yilmaz, Martin K. Patel, David Parra
March 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: battery, clustering, combination of applications, Energy Storage, lithium-ion, load profile, PV
Energy storage is a key solution to supply renewable electricity on demand and in particular batteries are becoming attractive for consumers who install PV panels. In order to minimize their electricity bill and keep the grid stable, batteries can combine applications. The daily match between PV supply and the electricity load profile is often considered as a determinant for the attractiveness of residential PV-coupled battery systems, however, the previous literature has so far mainly focused on the annual energy balance. In this paper, we analyze the techno-economic impact of adding a battery system to a new PV system that would otherwise be installed on its own, for different residential electricity load profiles in Geneva (Switzerland) and Austin (U.S.) using lithium-ion batteries performing various consumer applications, namely PV self-consumption, demand load-shifting, avoidance of PV curtailment, and demand peak shaving, individually and jointly. We employ clustering of the hous... [more]
A Hybrid vs. On-Grid Photovoltaic System: Multicriteria Analysis of Environmental, Economic, and Technical Aspects in Life Cycle Perspective
Agnieszka Żelazna, Justyna Gołębiowska, Agata Zdyb, Artur Pawłowski
March 28, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Keywords: BCR, DGC, Energy Storage, greenhouse gas emission, hybrid PV system, LCA, multicriteria analysis, photovoltaics, reliability
Hybrid photovoltaic installations, defined as on-grid PV system in cooperation with battery energy storage system (BESS), are still rare among the typical investors because the investment cost of the hybrid installation is significantly higher than the one of the on-grid system. However, while considering the broader perspective, such as environmental or technological aspects, the mentioned solution can be competitive with photovoltaic on-grid systems and therefore should be carefully tested in the widest possible context. In this study, the authors compared 3.05 kW of peak power hybrid and on-grid installations operating in temperate climate conditions (Eastern Poland) using economic indicators, such as dynamic generation cost (DGC) and benefit−cost rate (BCR); environmental impact indicators (IMPACT 2002+ and GWP 100a) determined using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); and technological aspects consideration, including the reliability of examined systems. Creating a ranking of the conside... [more]
Control System Development for the Three-Ports ANPC Converter
Silvio Antonio Teston, Kaio Vinicius Vilerá, Marcello Mezaroba, Cassiano Rech
March 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: active neutral-point-clamped (ANPC) converter, control system, distributed power generation, Energy Storage, integrated secondary DC port, low-frequency current ripple
This paper proposes a control system for the single-phase Three-Ports Active Neutral- Point-Clamped (ANPC-3P) converter, which can inject a sinusoidal current into the grid, balance the neutral point voltage, and regulate the energy storage system (ESS) current with reduced low-frequency ripple. Despite other applications, ANPC-3P inverter can be used in grid-tied renewable generation to allow the simultaneous connection of a photovoltaic (PV) energy source and an ESS to the AC grid. The ESS is connected directly to the inverter circuit without any auxiliary DC-DC converter, but due to the DC bus pulsed power, it can be subjected to low-frequency current ripple. This undesired current ripple is difficult to filter and can lead to shorter battery life. A control system based on well-known controllers is analyzed and designed. Theoretical analysis is validated experimentally using a single-phase 1-kW prototype.
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