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Records with Keyword: Energy Storage
Showing records 181 to 205 of 294. [First] Page: 1 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Last
State of Health Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles under Dynamic Load Conditions
Ethelbert Ezemobi, Mario Silvagni, Ahmad Mozaffari, Andrea Tonoli, Amir Khajepour
March 2, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: artificial neural network, automotive, classification, dynamic load condition, electric vehicle, Energy Storage, lithium-ion battery, prediction, state of health—SOH
Among numerous functions performed by the battery management system (BMS), online estimation of the state of health (SOH) is an essential and challenging task to be accomplished periodically. In electric vehicle (EV) applications, accurate SOH estimation minimizes failure risk and improves reliability by predicting battery health conditions. The challenge of accurate estimation of SOH is based on the uncertain dynamic operating condition of the EVs and the complex nonlinear electrochemical characteristics exhibited by the lithium-ion battery. This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) classifier experimentally validated for the SOH estimation of lithium-ion batteries. The ANN-based classifier model is trained experimentally at room temperature under dynamic variable load conditions. Based on SOH characterization, the training is done using features such as the relative values of voltage, state of charge (SOC), state of energy (SOE) across a buffer, and the instantaneous sta... [more]
Electrical Energy Storage Sizing and Space Requirements for Sub-Daily Autonomy in Residential Buildings
Aikaterini Chatzivasileiadi, Eleni Ampatzi, Ian Paul Knight
March 2, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: architectural implications, battery technologies, Energy Storage, residential buildings, sub-daily autonomy
This paper studies the architectural implications, in terms of size and space requirements, of battery technologies in a built environment using renewable energy and energy storage technologies. These aspects will be of particular interest as the world transitions to a low carbon future. This paper is the first to focus on the physical size of storage systems required to provide particular storage characteristics. The research used a quantitative case study methodology and focused on the investigation of nine battery technologies based on potential technology and energy consumption scenarios in 2030. Different residential building scales at a local distribution scale are explored considering sub-daily autonomy periods. Four case studies in a 2030 scenario are presented. For each case study, the nominal capacity, spatial requirements and costs are assessed for each technology. A schematic characterisation of the technologies was derived considering their suitability across these aspects... [more]
Simulation Study of Solidification in the Shell-And-Tube Energy Storage System with a Novel Dual-PCM Configuration
Moslem Mozafari, Ann Lee, Shaokoon Cheng
March 2, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Materials
Keywords: dual-PCM, Energy Storage, heat exchanger, numerical, phase change material, solidification
This study proposes a novel dual-PCM configuration with outstanding solidification response in a horizontal shell-and-tube energy storage system. To demonstrate that the proposed PCM configuration is superior in its thermal responses, results from a range of numerical simulations are presented and compared between different configurations of dual-PCM. As the melting/solidus point is a crucial factor for the solidification rate, dual PCMs are chosen such that the average of their melting point is equal to the melting point of the single-PCM in the reference case. Additionally, equal-area sectors are considered for all cases to ensure the same quantities of PCMs are compared. The temporal liquid fraction and temperature contours reveal that solidification is delayed in the upper half of the system due to strong natural convection motions. Therefore, a dual-PCM configuration is offered to improve the solidification rate in this region and accelerate the full solidification process. Result... [more]
Review of Hydrogen Production Techniques from Water Using Renewable Energy Sources and Its Storage in Salt Caverns
Mahdi Takach, Mirza Sarajlić, Dorothee Peters, Michael Kroener, Frank Schuldt, Karsten von Maydell
March 2, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: curtailed energy, Energy Storage, flexibility, hydrogen storage, renewable energy sources, underground salt cavern
Hydrogen is becoming an increasingly important energy carrier in sector integration for fuel cell transportation, heat and electricity. Underground salt caverns are one of the most promising ways to store the hydrogen obtained from water electrolysis using power generation from renewable energy sources (RES). At the same time, the production of hydrogen can be used to avoid energy curtailments during times of low electricity demand or low prices. The stored hydrogen can also be used during times of high energy demand for power generation, e.g., with fuel cells, to cover the fluctuations and shortages caused by low RES generation. This article presents an overview of the techniques that were used and proposed for using excess energy from RES for hydrogen production from water and its storage techniques, especially in underground salt caverns, for the aforementioned purpose, and its feasibility. This paper compares and summarizes the competing technologies based on the current state-of-t... [more]
Compensation of Voltage Drops in Trolleybus Supply System Using Battery-Based Buffer Station
Mikołaj Bartłomiejczyk, Leszek Jarzebowicz, Jiří Kohout
March 2, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: electrified transport, energy consumption, Energy Storage, smart grid, trolleybus
This paper analyzes the results of a trial operation of a battery-based buffer station supporting a selected section of trolleybus power supply systems in Pilsen, Czech Republic. The buffer station aims to prevent the catenary from excessive voltage drops in a part of the route that is most remote from the traction substation. Compensation of voltage drops is carried out by continuously measuring the catenary voltage and injecting the current into the catenary if the voltage decreases below a preset value. The effectiveness of such a solution was evaluated by the analysis of numerous experimental recordings, both from the buffer station itself and from trolleybuses in operation. Further on, based on the recordings, a utilized battery capacity was estimated and a control method for decreasing the required capacity was proposed. The optimal capacity analysis, supplemented with an evaluation of required output current rating, was used to define the best storage technology for the consider... [more]
Particle Swarm Optimization in Residential Demand-Side Management: A Review on Scheduling and Control Algorithms for Demand Response Provision
Christoforos Menos-Aikateriniadis, Ilias Lamprinos, Pavlos S. Georgilakis
March 1, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, computational intelligence, demand response, demand-side management, distributed energy resources, electric vehicles, Energy Storage, load control, Particle Swarm Optimization, resource scheduling, smart grid
Power distribution networks at the distribution level are becoming more complex in their behavior and more heavily stressed due to the growth of decentralized energy sources. Demand response (DR) programs can increase the level of flexibility on the demand side by discriminating the consumption patterns of end-users from their typical profiles in response to market signals. The exploitation of artificial intelligence (AI) methods in demand response applications has attracted increasing interest in recent years. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a computational intelligence (CI) method that belongs to the field of AI and is widely used for resource scheduling, mainly due to its relatively low complexity and computational requirements and its ability to identify near-optimal solutions in a reasonable timeframe. The aim of this work is to evaluate different PSO methods in the scheduling and control of different residential energy resources, such as smart appliances, electric vehicles (... [more]
Optimal DC Microgrid Operation with Model Predictive Control-Based Voltage-Dependent Demand Response and Optimal Battery Dispatch
Vo-Van Thanh, Wencong Su, Bin Wang
March 1, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: DC microgrid, dynamic voltage control, economic dispatch, Energy Storage, Model Predictive Control, voltage-dependent demand response
Recently, the integration of optimal battery dispatch and demand response has received much attention in improving DC microgrid operation under uncertainties in the grid-connect condition and distributed generations. However, the majority of prior studies on demand response considered the characteristics of global frequency variable instead of the local voltage for adjusting loads, which has led to obstacles in operating DC microgrids in the context of increasingly rising power electronic loads. Moreover, the consideration of voltage-dependent demand response and optimal battery dispatch has posed challenges for the traditional planning methods, such as stochastic programming, because of nonlinear constraints. Considering these facts, this paper proposes a model predictive control-based integrated voltage-based demand response and batteries’ optimal dispatch operation for minimizing the entire DC microgrid’s operating cost. In the proposed model predictive control approach, the binary... [more]
Key Features of TEMPO-Containing Polymers for Energy Storage and Catalytic Systems
Anatoliy A. Vereshchagin, Arseniy Y. Kalnin, Alexey I. Volkov, Daniil A. Lukyanov, Oleg V. Levin
March 1, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Materials
Keywords: conductive polymers, electrocatalysis, Energy Storage, molecular structure, nitroxyl, power sources, redox polymers, stable radicals, TEMPO
The need for environmentally benign portable energy storage drives research on organic batteries and catalytic systems. These systems are a promising replacement for commonly used energy storage devices that rely on limited resources such as lithium and rare earth metals. The redox-active TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-yl) fragment is a popular component of organic systems, as its benefits include remarkable electrochemical performance and decent physical properties. TEMPO is also known to be an efficient catalyst for alcohol oxidation, oxygen reduction, and various complex organic reactions. It can be attached to various aliphatic and conductive polymers to form high-loading catalysis systems. The performance and efficiency of TEMPO-containing materials strongly depend on the molecular structure, and thus rational design of such compounds is vital for successful implementation. We discuss synthetic approaches for producing electroactive polymers based on conductive and n... [more]
Energy Cell Simulation for Sector Coupling with Power-to-Methane: A Case Study in Lower Bavaria
Robert Bauer, Dominik Schopf, Grégoire Klaus, Raimund Brotsack, Javier Valdes
March 1, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: energy cell simulation, Energy Storage, energy systems modeling, Power-to-Methane, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, sector coupling
In this study, the possibility of sector coupling with biological Power-to-Methane to support and stabilize the energy transition of the three major sectors of electricity, heat, and gas was addressed. For this purpose, the energy cell simulation methodology and the Calliope tool were utilized for energy system optimization. This combination provides detailed insights into the existing dependencies of consumers and fossil and renewable energy suppliers on a local scale. In this context, Power-to-Methane represents an efficient technology for quickly and effectively exploiting unused electricity potential for various sectors and consumers. It was found that, even in regions with low wind levels, this surplus electricity potential already exists and depends on various influencing factors in very different ways. The solar influence on these potentials was considered in connection with gas-fired cogeneration plants for district heating. It was found that the current heat demand for distric... [more]
Economic Evaluation of Implementation of Power-to-Gas: Application to the Case of Spain
Alberto Abánades, Jesús Frías
March 1, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: cost estimation, Energy Storage, power to gas
An economic analysis of the implementation of the power-to-gas (PtG) system between 2030 and 2055 is presented at a large scale. The capacity of the PtG system is adapted to two scenarios in Spain (Bailera and Lisbona 2018), corresponding to growing scenarios of 1.73 and 1.36%/y of its electricity market. The total power capacity of the PtG system has been fixed to 12.7 and 3.84 GW, respectively, at the end of 2055. The levelized cost of storage (LCOS) of the implementation of PtG has been evaluated. Assuming uncertainties in the current cost projections for CAPEX and OPEX, LCOS estimations are between 136 and 686 EUR/MWh with a payback time of 16 years in the best scenario for a reference electricity purchase of 100 EUR/MWh and a CO2 penalty of 100 EUR/ton. A sensitivity analysis and the viability dependence versus energy purchase and CO2 penalty certificates is shown. This work sheds some light for the comparison of PtG implementation costs in comparison with other storage options, s... [more]
Aggregation of Demand-Side Flexibilities: A Comparative Study of Approximation Algorithms
Emrah Öztürk, Klaus Rheinberger, Timm Faulwasser, Karl Worthmann, Markus Preißinger
March 1, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: demand-side management, Energy Storage, flexibility aggregation, Minkowski sum, smart grids
Traditional power grids are mainly based on centralized power generation and subsequent distribution. The increasing penetration of distributed renewable energy sources and the growing number of electrical loads is creating difficulties in balancing supply and demand and threatens the secure and efficient operation of power grids. At the same time, households hold an increasing amount of flexibility, which can be exploited by demand-side management to decrease customer cost and support grid operation. Compared to the collection of individual flexibilities, aggregation reduces optimization complexity, protects households’ privacy, and lowers the communication effort. In mathematical terms, each flexibility is modeled by a set of power profiles, and the aggregated flexibility is modeled by the Minkowski sum of individual flexibilities. As the exact Minkowski sum calculation is generally computationally prohibitive, various approximations can be found in the literature. The main contribut... [more]
Phase Change Cooling of a Metal Hydride Reactor for Rapid Hydrogen Absorption
Matthew Duncan Keith, Vamsi Krishna Kukkapalli, Sunwoo Kim
March 1, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Optimization
Keywords: cooling channels, Energy Storage, metal hydride, Optimization, phase changing cooling
As the world is keen on cleaner and sustainable energy, hydrogen energy has the potential to be part of the green energy transition to replace fossil fuels and mitigate climate change. However, hydrogen energy storage is a difficult task since physical storage in the form of compressed gas under high pressure is associated with safety issues. Another form of hydrogen storage is material-based storage, which is the safest way to store hydrogen energy in a particulate matter, known as metal hydrides. Metal hydrides can store hydrogen at room temperature and use less volume to store the same amount of hydrogen compared to classical gas tanks. The challenges with the metal hydrides reactor are their slow charging process and the requirement of proper thermal management during the charging process. In this study, a metal hydride reactor model is developed in COMSOL Multiphysics, and the associated heat transfer simulations are performed. The main objective of this research is to optimize th... [more]
Banana Peel and Conductive Polymers-Based Flexible Supercapacitors for Energy Harvesting and Storage
Melkie Getnet Tadesse, Esubalew Kasaw, Biruk Fentahun, Emil Loghin, Jörn Felix Lübben
March 1, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: banana peel, e-textiles, electrical conductivity, Energy Storage, supercapacitor
Flexible supercapacitors are highly demanding due to their wearability, washability, lightweight property and rollability. In this paper, a comprehensive review on flexible supercapacitors based on conductive polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PANI) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxtthiophne)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). Methods of enhancing the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS polymer using various composites and chemical solutions have been reviewed in detail. Furthermore, supercapacitors based on carbonized banana peels and methods of activation have been discussed in point. This review covers the up-to-date progress achieved in conductive polymer-based materials for supercapacitor electrodes. The effect of various composites with PEDOT:PSS have been discussed. The review result indicated that flexible, stretchable, lightweight, washable, and disposable wearable electronics based on banana peel and conductive polymers are highly demanding.
The Role of Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies in the Decarbonisation of the Energy Grid
Julie Waldron, Lucelia Rodrigues, Mark Gillott, Sophie Naylor, Rob Shipman
March 1, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: carbon intensity, electric vehicles, Energy Storage, EVs, net zero, V2G, vehicle-to-grid
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) has been identified as a key technology to help reduce carbon emissions from the transport and energy sectors. However, the benefits of this technology are best achieved when multiple variables are considered in the process of charging and discharging an electric vehicle. These variables include vehicle behaviour, building energy demand, renewable energy generation, and grid carbon intensity. It is expected that the transition to electric mobility will add pressure to the energy grid. Using the batteries of electric vehicles as energy storage to send energy back to the grid during high-demand, carbon-intensive periods will help to reduce the impact of introducing electric vehicles and minimise carbon emissions of the system. In this paper, the authors present a method and propose a V2G control scheme integrating one year of historical vehicle and energy datasets, aiming towards carbon emissions reduction through increased local consumption of renewable energy, off... [more]
Applicability of Hydropower Generation and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage in the Middle East and North Africa
Shaima A. Alnaqbi, Shamma Alasad, Haya Aljaghoub, Abdul Hai Alami, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, Abdul Ghani Olabi
March 1, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Energy Storage, EnergyPLAN, MENA region, pumped hydro storage, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Energy storage for medium- to large-scale applications is an important aspect of balancing demand and supply cycles. Hydropower generation coupled with pumped hydro storage is an old but effective supply/demand buffer that is a function of the availability of a freshwater resource and the ability to construct an elevated water reservoir. This work reviews the technological feasibility of hydropower generation and also pumped hydro storage and its geographical distribution around the world. There is also an emphasis on installations in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) in terms of available capacity as well as past and future developments and expansions. A discussion is presented on a project taking place in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in the Hatta region, which has a water reservoir that would be fit for utilization for pumped hydro storage applications. Once the project is commissioned in 2024, it will provide an estimated 2.06 TWh per year, helping the UAE achieve the goal o... [more]
Home Energy Management Considering Renewable Resources, Energy Storage, and an Electric Vehicle as a Backup
Oussama Ouramdane, Elhoussin Elbouchikhi, Yassine Amirat, Franck Le Gall, Ehsan Sedgh Gooya
March 1, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: distributed energy generation, energy dispatching, energy management systems, Energy Storage, microgrids, optimal sizing, Optimization, vehicle-to-grid, vehicle-to-home
The vehicle-to-grid concept emerged very quickly after the integration of renewable energy resources because of their intermittency and to support the grid during on-peak periods, consequently preventing congestion and any subsequent grid instability. Renewable energies offer a large source of clean energy, but they are not controllable, as they depend on weather conditions. This problem is solved by adding energy storage elements, implementing a demand response through shiftable loads, and the vehicle-to-grid/vehicle-to-home technologies. Indeed, an electric vehicle is equipped with a high-capacity battery, which can be used to store a certain amount of energy and give it back again later when required to fulfill the electricity demand and prevent an energy shortage when the main-grid power is limited for security reasons. In this context, this paper presents a comparative study between two home microgrids, in one of which the concept of vehicle-to-home is integrated to provide a case... [more]
Battery Storage at the Secondary Distribution Electricity Grid by Investigating End-Users Load Demand Measurements
Andreas Theocharis, Sahaphol Hamanee
March 1, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Batteries, energy consumption, Energy Storage, microgrids, power distribution
Energy storage systems is expected to be utilized to cover the increased electrification of energy demands and to alleviate the electrical energy production from intermittent energy sources such as solar and wind. Aggregated and distributed battery energy storage systems may improve electricity grids operability and security by providing smart energy management options and efficient resources allocation. In this paper, battery storage at the secondary distribution level is explored. The investigation is based on the end-user energy demand behavior. As such, the electrical energy consumption patterns are measured and analyzed in a residential area. Measurements were collected and analyzed in order to record the customers’ behaviors aiming to reveal their differences and similarities. Following this, aggregated and distributed battery energy storage systems are computed based on the features of the measured electrical power consumption patterns aiming to estimate the factors that could p... [more]
Indonesia’s Vast Off-River Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Potential
David Firnando Silalahi, Andrew Blakers, Bin Lu, Cheng Cheng
March 1, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Keywords: Energy Storage, green-field, low cost, off-river pumped hydro, potential, solar PV
Indonesia has vast solar energy potential, far more than needed to meet all its energy requirements without the use of fossil fuels. This remains true after per capita energy consumption rises to match developed countries, and most energy functions are electrified to minimize the use of fossil fuels. Because Indonesia has relatively small energy potential from hydro, wind, biomass, geothermal and ocean energy, it will rely mostly on solar for its sustainable energy needs. Thus, Indonesia will require large amounts of storage for overnight and longer periods. Pumped hydro comprises 99% of global energy storage for the electricity industry. In this paper, we demonstrate that Indonesia has vast practical potential for low-cost off-river pumped hydro energy storage with low environmental and social impact; far more than it needs to balance a solar-dominated energy system.
Layer-by-Layer Materials for the Fabrication of Devices with Electrochemical Applications
Eduardo Guzmán, Francisco Ortega, Ramón G. Rubio
March 1, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Materials
Keywords: capacitors, electrochemistry, electrodes, Energy Storage, Layer-by-Layer, miniaturization, thin film
The construction of nanostructured materials for their application in electrochemical processes, e.g., energy storage and conversion, or sensing, has undergone a spectacular development over the last decades as a consequence of their unique properties in comparison to those of their bulk counterparts, e.g., large surface area and facilitated charge/mass transport pathways. This has driven strong research on the optimization of nanostructured materials for the fabrication of electrochemical devices, which demands techniques allowing the assembly of hybrid materials with well-controlled structures and properties. The Layer-by-Layer (LbL) method is well suited for fulfilling the requirements associated with the fabrication of devices for electrochemical applications, enabling the fabrication of nanomaterials with tunable properties that can be exploited as candidates for their application in fuel cells, batteries, electrochromic devices, solar cells, and sensors. This review provides an u... [more]
A Flexible-Reliable Operation Model of Storage and Distributed Generation in a Biogas Power Plant
Renata Rodrigues Lautert, Wagner da Silva Brignol, Luciane Neves Canha, Olatunji Matthew Adeyanju, Vinícius Jacques Garcia
March 1, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Optimization
Keywords: biogas, distributed generation, Energy Storage, Optimization, transactive energy
This paper presents a novel methodology for planning and operating biogas energy systems based on the transactive energy concept to determine multilevel operating regimes for distributed generation. The developed model is used to manage the production, storage, and dispatch of biogas energy systems to meet the load demands of the biogas producer and support the operation of the distribution network operator. An Integer Linear Programming (ILP) is fitted to optimize the biogas production of the biogas producer, including the operation of the biogas storage systems and their interaction with the network operator. The model’s objective is to maximize benefits for the participating agents in a transactive energy context. The model’s effectiveness is validated using seven case studies involving biogas systems having different operating ranges and modes to achieve enhanced flexibility and reliability for the system operation with a large proportion of intermittent energy resources. The simul... [more]
Joint Optimization of Energy Storage Sharing and Demand Response in Microgrid Considering Multiple Uncertainties
Di Liu, Junwei Cao, Mingshuang Liu
March 1, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Optimization
Keywords: deep reinforcement learning, demand response, Energy Storage, Monte Carlo sampling, multiple uncertainties
Energy storage (ES) is playing an increasingly important role in reducing the spatial and temporal power imbalance of supply and demand caused by the uncertainty and periodicity of renewable energy in the microgrid. The utilization efficiency of distributed ES belonging to different entities can be improved through sharing, and considerable flexibility resources can be provided to the microgrid through the coordination of ES sharing and demand response, but its reliability is affected by multiple uncertainties from different sources. In this study, a two-stage ES sharing mechanism is proposed, in which the idle ES capacity is aggregated on the previous day to provide reliable resources for real-time optimization. Then, a two-layer semi-coupled optimization strategy based on a deep deterministic policy gradient is proposed to solve the asynchronous decision problems of day-ahead sharing and intra-day optimization. To deal with the impact of multiple uncertainties, Monte Carlo sampling i... [more]
Dynamic Simulation and Performance Enhancement Analysis of a Renewable Driven Trigeneration System
Renos Rotas, Petros Iliadis, Nikos Nikolopoulos, Ananias Tomboulides, Elias Kosmatopoulos
February 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: combined cooling heating power, Dymola, dynamic simulation, Energy Storage, lithium-ion battery, Modelica, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Research activity in the field of combined cooling heating power (or trigeneration) systems with high renewable energy source (RES) contributions has increased rapidly over the last few years, in line with the European Union legislation about energy communities. However, technical challenges arise regarding the synergetic, sustainable and optimal integration of RES in local energy systems. In the present study, the operation of a trigeneration system located in the student residences of Democritus University of Thrace in Greece is examined. The system involves a combination of highly promising renewable and storage technologies, including solar thermal energy and biomass for heat generation, hot water tanks for thermal energy storage, absorption refrigeration for cooling, along with Organic Rankine Cycle and photovoltaic systems for electricity generation. System modeling and simulation have been implemented in Dymola environment with the use of Modelica equation-based modeling languag... [more]
Role of On-Site Generation in Carbon Emissions and Utility Bill Savings under Different Electric Grid Scenarios
Praveen Cheekatamarla
February 28, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Keywords: buildings, carbon footprint, electrical efficiency, Energy Storage, heat pumps, hybrid power generation
Energy-efficient and sustainable technologies are necessary to lower energy and carbon footprints. Many technologies are being pursued to meet the increasing energy demand in buildings. An attractive option is efficient utilization of available energy resources, including renewables, to support current and future building energy needs while targeting grid resiliency, energy, and environmental security at an affordable cost via on-site cogeneration-based approaches. This must include energy-efficient technologies with lower greenhouse gas emissions and optimized cost, performance, and reliability. This paper presents the economic and environmental benefits associated with power technologies such as thermionics and solid oxide fuel cells. Hybrid configurations consisting of heat pumps, power systems, and renewable photovoltaics in cogeneration and trigeneration modes of operation are presented. The role of such technologies in lowering CO2 emissions while improving energy resiliency and... [more]
Simulation of the Thermal Runaway Onset in Li-Ion Cells—Influence of Cathode Materials and Operating Conditions
Martina Cianciullo, Giorgio Vilardi, Barbara Mazzarotta, Roberto Bubbico
February 28, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Materials
Keywords: battery safety, Energy Storage, Li-ion batteries, thermal runaway
Li-ion batteries are already being used in several applications, from portable devices to the automotive industry, and they represent a promising option also for other critical uses, such as in the storage of energy from renewable sources. However, two of the main concerns that still hinder their massive introduction in these further areas, are their safety and reliability. Depending on cell characteristics and operating conditions, the heat generated within the cell can exceed that dissipated from its surface, and the cell will fail, possibly with catastrophic consequences. To identify the hazardous working conditions of a cell, a simulation model including the main exothermic reactions was set up to investigate the onset of thermal runaway in several Li-ion cell configurations under various operating conditions. The behavior of four different cathodes under thermal abuse and the influence of external factors such as the environmental temperature and the cooling system efficiency were... [more]
Grid-Connected Power Converters: An Overview of Control Strategies for Renewable Energy
Angelo Lunardi, Luís F. Normandia Lourenço, Enkhtsetseg Munkhchuluun, Lasantha Meegahapola, Alfeu J. Sguarezi Filho
February 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: control, electric vehicles, Energy Storage, MPC, power system stability, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, solar photovoltaic energy, voltage source converters, wind turbines
The move towards a greener energy mix to fight climate change propels investments in converter-interfaced resources such as wind and photovoltaics, energy storage systems and electric vehicles. The ongoing evolution of the power system is occurring at a very fast pace, challenging transmission and distribution system operators to seek solutions that are not only adequate for this moment but also for future scenarios. Ongoing research in the fields of power electronics, power systems and control aims at developing control strategies that will help the energy transition to occur, while keeping a stable, secure and reliable power system. The objective of this paper is to present a critical review of the control strategies developed for grid-connected power converters found in renewable energy systems, energy storage systems and electric vehicles. The impact of grid-connected converters on the stability of power grids is also reviewed, highlighting the promising control strategies for enha... [more]
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