The purpose of this article was to develop a method of analyzing the manufacturing process with variables indicating product competitiveness and technological capabilities in metric space as a cognitive source. The presented method will facilitate the identification of key development factors within the manufacturing processes that have the greatest impact on the adaptation of the manufacturing enterprise to Industry 4.0. The presented method of manufacturing process analysis integrates a number of tools (SMART method, brainstorming, BOST analysis, 3 × 3 metrics) that enable the implementation of statistical analysis. The model developed makes it possible to apply known mathematical methods in areas new to them (adaptation in the manufacturing area), which makes it possible to use scientific information in a new way. The versatility of the method allows it to be used in manufacturing companies to identify critical factors in manufacturing processes. A test of the developed method was carried out in one of the foundry enterprises, which allowed us to build a series of importance factors affecting effective production management. The methodology is addressed to the management of manufacturing enterprises as a method to assist in analyzing data and building (on the basis of improved manufacturing processes) a competitive strategy.