Abstract
The adjoint method is a very promising gradient-based optimisation framework for computational fluid dynamics (CFD), because of its independence of the computation cost from the number of design variables. With the aim of improving the robustness of the continuous adjoint topology optimization, this paper presents a direct method for the design variable update. Based on the intrinsic feature of the topology optimization, this straightforward update method explicitly controls the design variable target volume, precluding any case-dependent parameters. The details of its implementation are discussed with regard to an existing open-source continuous adjoint topology optimization solver. The performance of this alternative method is tested on complex 3D engineering problems with duct configuration, and no impact on the computational demands or numerical stability has been observed in the simulations.