LAPSE:2023.29457
Published Article
LAPSE:2023.29457
State of Art of Using Biofuels in Spark Ignition Engines
Ashraf Elfasakhany
April 13, 2023
Biofuels are receiving increased scientific attention, and recently different biofuels have been proposed for spark ignition engines. This paper presents the state of art of using biofuels in spark ignition engines (SIE). Different biofuels, mainly ethanol, methanol, i-butanol-n-butanol, and acetone, are blended together in single dual issues and evaluated as renewables for SIE. The biofuels were compared with each other as well as with the fossil fuel in SIE. Future biofuels for SIE are highlighted. A proposed method to reduce automobile emissions and reformulate the emissions into new fuels is presented and discussed. The benefits and weaknesses of using biofuels in SIE are summarized. The study established that ethanol has several benefits as a biofuel for SIE; it enhanced engine performance and decreased pollutant emissions significantly; however, ethanol showed some drawbacks, which cause problems in cold starting conditions and, additionally, the engine may suffer from a vapor lock situation. Methanol also showed improvements in engine emissions/performance similarly to ethanol, but it is poisonous biofuel and it has some sort of incompatibility with engine materials/systems; its being miscible with water is another disadvantage. The lowest engine performance was displayed by n-butanol and i-butanol biofuels, and they also showed the greatest amount of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and CO emissions, but the lowest greenhouse effect. Ethanol and methanol introduced the highest engine performance, but they also showed the greatest CO2 emissions. Acetone introduced a moderate engine performance and the best/lowest CO and UHC emissions. Single biofuel blends are also compared with dual ones, and the results showed the benefits of the dual ones. The study concluded that the next generation of biofuels is expected to be dual blended biofuels. Different dual biofuel blends are also compared with each other, and the results showed that the ethanol−methanol (EM) biofuel is superior in comparison with n-butanol−i-butanol (niB) and i-butanol−ethanol (iBE).
Keywords
Biofuels, dual blends, single blends, spark ignition engines (SIE)
Suggested Citation
Elfasakhany A. State of Art of Using Biofuels in Spark Ignition Engines. (2023). LAPSE:2023.29457
Author Affiliations
Elfasakhany A: Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
Journal Name
Energies
Volume
14
Issue
3
First Page
779
Year
2021
Publication Date
2021-02-02
Published Version
ISSN
1996-1073
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Original Submission
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PII: en14030779, Publication Type: Review
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LAPSE:2023.29457
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doi:10.3390/en14030779
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Apr 13, 2023
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