Grid Code-Dependent Frequency Control Optimization in Multi-Terminal DC Networks

Melanie Hoffmann; Harold R. Chamorro; Marc René Lotz; José M. Maestre; Kumars Rouzbehi; Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt; Michael Kurrat; Lazaro Alvarado-Barrios; Vijay K. Sood

LAPSE

Living Archive for Process Systems Engineering

LAPSE:2023.28417

Published Article

LAPSE:2023.28417

Grid Code-Dependent Frequency Control Optimization in Multi-Terminal DC Networks

Melanie Hoffmann, Harold R. Chamorro, Marc René Lotz, José M. Maestre, Kumars Rouzbehi, Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt, Michael Kurrat, Lazaro Alvarado-Barrios, Vijay K. Sood

April 11, 2023

The increasing deployment of wind power is reducing inertia in power systems. High-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology can help to improve the stability of AC areas in which a frequency response is required. Moreover, multi-terminal DC (MTDC) networks can be optimized to distribute active power to several AC areas by droop control setting schemes that adjust converter control parameters. To this end, in this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to improve the primary frequency response in AC areas considering several grid limitations and constraints. The frequency control uses an optimization process that minimizes the frequency nadir and the settling time in the primary frequency response. Secondly, another layer is proposed for the redistribution of active power among several AC areas, if required, without reserving wind power capacity. This method takes advantage of the MTDC topology and considers the grid code limitations at the same time. Two scenarios are defined to provide grid code-compliant frequency control.

Record ID

LAPSE:2023.28417

Keywords

fast frequency control, frequency control, grid code, low-inertia, MTDC, non-synchronous generation, Particle Swarm Optimization, python-PSCAD-interface, wind power

Subject

Optimization

Suggested Citation

Hoffmann M, Chamorro HR, Lotz MR, Maestre JM, Rouzbehi K, Gonzalez-Longatt F, Kurrat M, Alvarado-Barrios L, Sood VK. Grid Code-Dependent Frequency Control Optimization in Multi-Terminal DC Networks. (2023). LAPSE:2023.28417

Author Affiliations

Hoffmann M: Institute for High Voltage Technology and Power Systems, Braunschweig University of Technology, 2, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
Chamorro HR: Departamento de Ingenierıa de Sistemas y Automatica, Universidad de Sevilla, 4, 41004 Seville, Spain
Lotz MR: Institute of Electrical Systems and Automation Technology (IfEA), Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, 38302 Wolfenbüttel, Germany
Maestre JM: Departamento de Ingenierıa de Sistemas y Automatica, Universidad de Sevilla, 4, 41004 Seville, Spain [ORCID]
Rouzbehi K: Departamento de Ingenierıa de Sistemas y Automatica, Universidad de Sevilla, 4, 41004 Seville, Spain
Gonzalez-Longatt F: Department of Electrical Engineering, IT and Cybernetics, University of South-Eastern Norway, 40, 3679 Notodden, Norway
Kurrat M: Institute for High Voltage Technology and Power Systems, Braunschweig University of Technology, 2, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
Alvarado-Barrios L: Departamento de Ingeniería, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, 4, 41004 Seville, Spain [ORCID]
Sood VK: Electrical, Computer and Software Engineering, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada

Journal Name

Energies

Volume

13

Issue

24

Article Number

E6485

Year

2020

Publication Date

2020-12-08