LAPSE:2023.25520
Published Article
LAPSE:2023.25520
Thermal Efficiency and Economics of a Boil-Off Hydrogen Re-Liquefaction System Considering the Energy Efficiency Design Index for Liquid Hydrogen Carriers
Minsoo Choi, Wongwan Jung, Sanghyuk Lee, Taehwan Joung, Daejun Chang
March 28, 2023
This study analyzes the thermodynamic, economic, and regulatory aspects of boil-off hydrogen (BOH) in liquid hydrogen (LH2) carriers that can be re-liquefied using a proposed re-liquefaction system or used as fuel in a fuel cell stack. Five LH2 carriers sailing between two designated ports are considered in a case study. The specific energy consumption of the proposed re-liquefaction system varies from 8.22 to 10.80 kWh/kg as the re-liquefaction-to-generation fraction (R/G fraction) is varied. The economic evaluation results show that the cost of re-liquefaction decreases as the re-liquefied flow rate increases and converges to 1.5 $/kg at an adequately large flow rate. Three energy efficient design index (EEDI) candidates are proposed to determine feasible R/G fractions: an EEDI equivalent to that of LNG carriers, an EEDI that considers the energy density of LH2, and no EEDI restrictions. The first EEDI candidate is so strict that the majority of the BOH should be used as fuel. In the case of the second EEDI candidate, the permittable R/G fraction is between 25% and 33%. If the EEDI is not applied for LH2 carriers, as in the third candidate, the specific life-cycle cost decreases to 67% compared with the first EEDI regulation.
Keywords
boil-off hydrogen, economics, energy efficiency design index, Exergy Efficiency, liquid hydrogen carrier, specific energy consumption
Suggested Citation
Choi M, Jung W, Lee S, Joung T, Chang D. Thermal Efficiency and Economics of a Boil-Off Hydrogen Re-Liquefaction System Considering the Energy Efficiency Design Index for Liquid Hydrogen Carriers. (2023). LAPSE:2023.25520
Author Affiliations
Choi M: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
Jung W: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
Lee S: Energy Plant Research Center, Samsung Heavy Industries, Seongnam-si 13486, Korea
Joung T: International Maritime Research Center (IMRC), Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO), Daejeon 34103, Korea
Chang D: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
Journal Name
Energies
Volume
14
Issue
15
First Page
4566
Year
2021
Publication Date
2021-07-28
Published Version
ISSN
1996-1073
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Original Submission
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PII: en14154566, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2023.25520
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doi:10.3390/en14154566
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Mar 28, 2023
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