LAPSE:2023.20396
Published Article
LAPSE:2023.20396
Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using a Green Catalyst Prepared from Glass Waste and Animal Bones
March 17, 2023
Biodiesel as a fuel has been shown to positively impact the environment; replacing or reducing the dependence on fossil fuels while providing a viable alternative. The use of waste oils, such as non-edible or used oils, can reduce competition with food, loss of resources, and the resulting higher prices. In this study, biodiesel was obtained by a transesterification reaction using used cooking oil from fast-food restaurants as the feedstock and catalysts from waste glass and animal bones as the silica and calcium oxide sources, respectively. Utilizing waste or non-edible oils for the production of biodiesel can lessen the competition with food sources while achieving environmental and ethical biofuel standards. Additionally, employing readily available waste oils and catalysts prepared from waste material is an economical and low-cost process compared to the use of conventional expensive feedstock and catalyst. The catalyst characterization for the prepared CaO−SiO2 catalyst was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The reaction was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) by varying three parameters: methanol-to-oil ratio, catalyst weight fraction (wt%), and reaction time. The highest biodiesel yield obtained using Design Expert software was 92.3419% at the optimum conditions of a 14.83:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 3.11 wt% catalyst, and 143 min reaction time. This proved that waste cooking oil with CaO−SiO2 catalyst could be used in the transesterification process to produce a high yield of biodiesel, which was shown in the results obtained from the experimental runs.
Keywords
biodiesel, heterogeneous catalyst, Optimization, response surface methodology, transesterification, waste cooking oil
Suggested Citation
Asaad SM, Inayat A, Jamil F, Ghenai C, Shanableh A. Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using a Green Catalyst Prepared from Glass Waste and Animal Bones. (2023). LAPSE:2023.20396
Author Affiliations
Asaad SM: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Group, Center for Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineerin [ORCID]
Inayat A: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Group, Center for Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engi [ORCID]
Jamil F: Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus 54000, Pakistan
Ghenai C: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Group, Center for Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engi [ORCID]
Shanableh A: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Group, Center for Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, [ORCID]
Journal Name
Energies
Volume
16
Issue
5
First Page
2322
Year
2023
Publication Date
2023-02-28
Published Version
ISSN
1996-1073
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Original Submission
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PII: en16052322, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2023.20396
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doi:10.3390/en16052322
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Mar 17, 2023
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