LAPSE:2022.0147
Published Article
LAPSE:2022.0147
Blended Sewage Sludge−Palm Kernel Expeller to Enhance the Palatability of Black Soldier Fly Larvae for Biodiesel Production
November 8, 2022
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have been employed for valorizing organic waste materials as the larvae are able to consume organic waste and transform it into valuable larval biomass. In this study, BSFL were found to potentially reduce blended sewage sludge. The addition of palm kernel expeller (PKE) fortified the protein and lipid content in blended sewage sludge substrates, leading to larval growth enhancement. In addition, the larval weight also influenced the lipid yield and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile. However, the optimum ratio of sewage sludge to PKE had to be determined as excess PKE content could become a threat to larval growth by contributing to the reduction of non-fiber carbohydrates content in the feed, thereby resulting in the decrease in lipid yield and FAME content. In this work, a sewage sludge to PKE ratio of 2:3 proffered the highest larval weight gained at 46.99 ± 2.09 mg/larva. Meanwhile, a proportion of 3:2 of sewage sludge to PKE was able provide the highest lipid yield of 17 ± 1.77%. Furthermore, the FAME profile revealed the presence of a significant amount of saturated and monosaturated fatty acids, indicating a good quality biodiesel. Thus, BSFL-based biodiesel fed with blended sewage sludge and PKE could be utilized for producing a high quality biodiesel. However, further improvement on the amount of lipid yield and FAME content should be further investigated.
Record ID
Keywords
biodiesel, black soldier fly larvae, lipid, palm kernel expeller, sewage sludge
Subject
Suggested Citation
Raksasat R, Kiatkittipong K, Kiatkittipong W, Wong CY, Lam MK, Ho YC, Oh WD, Suryawan IWK, Lim JW. Blended Sewage Sludge−Palm Kernel Expeller to Enhance the Palatability of Black Soldier Fly Larvae for Biodiesel Production. (2022). LAPSE:2022.0147
Author Affiliations
Raksasat R: Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Kiatkittipong K: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand [ORCID]
Kiatkittipong W: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand [ORCID]
Wong CY: Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia [ORCID]
Lam MK: Department of Chemical Engineering, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Ho YC: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre of Urban Resource Sustainability, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia [ORCID]
Oh WD: School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
Suryawan IWK: Faculty of Infrastructure Planning, Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Pertamina, Komplek Universitas Pertamina, Jalan Sinabung II, Terusan Simprug, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia [ORCID]
Lim JW: Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia [ORCID]
Kiatkittipong K: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand [ORCID]
Kiatkittipong W: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand [ORCID]
Wong CY: Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia [ORCID]
Lam MK: Department of Chemical Engineering, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Ho YC: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre of Urban Resource Sustainability, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia [ORCID]
Oh WD: School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
Suryawan IWK: Faculty of Infrastructure Planning, Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Pertamina, Komplek Universitas Pertamina, Jalan Sinabung II, Terusan Simprug, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia [ORCID]
Lim JW: Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia [ORCID]
Journal Name
Processes
Volume
9
Issue
2
First Page
297
Year
2021
Publication Date
2021-02-04
Published Version
ISSN
2227-9717
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Original Submission
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PII: pr9020297, Publication Type: Journal Article
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Published Article
LAPSE:2022.0147
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External Link
doi:10.3390/pr9020297
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Version History
[v1] (Original Submission)
Nov 8, 2022
Verified by curator on
Nov 8, 2022
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https://psecommunity.org/LAPSE:2022.0147
Original Submitter
Mina Naeini
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