LAPSE:2021.0531
Published Article
LAPSE:2021.0531
Nexus between Energy Usability, Economic Indicators and Environmental Sustainability in Four ASEAN Countries: A Non-Linear Autoregressive Exogenous Neural Network Modelling Approach
June 21, 2021
This study investigates the use of a non-linear autoregressive exogenous neural network (NARX) model to investigate the nexus between energy usability, economic indicators, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in four Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), namely Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Optimized NARX model architectures of 5-29-1, 5-19-1, 5-17-1, 5-13-1 representing the input nodes, hidden neurons and the output units were obtained from the series of models configured. Based on the relationship between the input variables, CO2 emissions were predicted with a high correlation coefficient (R) > 0.9. and low mean square errors (MSE) of 3.92 × 10−21, 4.15 × 10−23, 2.02 × 10−19, 1.32 × 10−20 for Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines, respectively. Coal consumption has the highest level of influence on CO2 emissions in the four ASEAN countries based on the sensitivity analysis. These findings suggest that government policies in the four ASEAN countries should be more intensified on strategies to reduce CO2 emissions in relationship with the energy and economic indicators.
Keywords
ASEAN, CO2 emissions, economic indicator, energy consumption, gross domestic product, NARX neural network
Suggested Citation
Mustapa SI, Ayodele FO, Ayodele BV, Mohammad N. Nexus between Energy Usability, Economic Indicators and Environmental Sustainability in Four ASEAN Countries: A Non-Linear Autoregressive Exogenous Neural Network Modelling Approach. (2021). LAPSE:2021.0531
Author Affiliations
Mustapa SI: Institute of Energy Policy and Research, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Malaysia [ORCID]
Ayodele FO: Department of Accounting and Finance, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur, 1 Jalan Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, Cheras Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia [ORCID]
Ayodele BV: Institute of Energy Policy and Research, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Malaysia [ORCID]
Mohammad N: Institute of Energy Policy and Research, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
Journal Name
Processes
Volume
8
Issue
12
Article Number
E1529
Year
2020
Publication Date
2020-11-25
Published Version
ISSN
2227-9717
Version Comments
Original Submission
Other Meta
PII: pr8121529, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2021.0531
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doi:10.3390/pr8121529
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Jun 21, 2021
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CC BY 4.0
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[v1] (Original Submission)
Jun 21, 2021
 
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Jun 21, 2021
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https://psecommunity.org/LAPSE:2021.0531
 
Original Submitter
Calvin Tsay
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