Short-Chain Polyglycerol Production via Microwave-Assisted Solventless Glycerol Polymerization Process Over Lioh-Modified Aluminium Pillared Clay Catalyst: Parametric Study

Muhammad Sajid; Muhammad Ayoub; Suzana Yusup; Bawadi Abdullah; Rashid Shamsuddin; Roil Bilad; Chi Cheng Chong; Aqsha Aqsha

LAPSE

Living Archive for Process Systems Engineering

LAPSE:2021.0084

Published Article

LAPSE:2021.0084

Short-Chain Polyglycerol Production via Microwave-Assisted Solventless Glycerol Polymerization Process Over Lioh-Modified Aluminium Pillared Clay Catalyst: Parametric Study

Muhammad Sajid, Muhammad Ayoub, Suzana Yusup, Bawadi Abdullah, Rashid Shamsuddin, Roil Bilad, Chi Cheng Chong, Aqsha Aqsha

March 1, 2021

In the current study, microwave-assisted glycerol polymerization for short-chain polyglycerol production was conducted unprecedentedly over low-cost catalyst, lithium-modified aluminium pillared clay (Li/AlPC) catalysts without the solvent. The influences of disparate reaction parameters such as the effects of Li loadings (10, 20, 30 wt.%), catalyst loadings (2, 3, 4 wt.%), operating temperatures (200, 220, 240 °C) and operating times (1−4 h) on the glycerol conversions, and polyglycerol yield (particularly for diglycerol and triglycerol), were elucidated. The fresh catalysts were subjected to physicochemical properties evaluation via characterization techniques, viz. N2 physisorption, XRD, SEM, NH3-TPD and CO2-TPD. In comparison, 20 wt.% Li/AlPC demonstrated the best performance under non-conventional heating, credited to its outstanding textural properties (an increase of basal spacing to 21 Ȧ, high surface area of 95.48 m2/g, total basicity of 34.48 mmol/g and average pore diameter of 19.21 nm). Within the studied ranges, the highest glycerol conversion (98.85%) and polyglycerol yield (90.46%) were achieved when catalyst loading of 3 wt.%, reaction temperature of 220 °C and reaction time of 3 h were adopted. The results obtained also anticipated the higher energy efficiency of microwave-assisted polymerization than conventional technique (>8 h), as the reaction time for the former technology was shorter to attain the highest product yield. The study performed could potentially conduce the wise utilization of surplus glycerol generated from the biodiesel industry.

Record ID

LAPSE:2021.0084

Keywords

alkali modified, aluminium pillared clay, glycerol polymerization, microwave, polyglycerol

Subject

Reaction Engineering

Suggested Citation

Sajid M, Ayoub M, Yusup S, Abdullah B, Shamsuddin R, Bilad R, Chong CC, Aqsha A. Short-Chain Polyglycerol Production via Microwave-Assisted Solventless Glycerol Polymerization Process Over Lioh-Modified Aluminium Pillared Clay Catalyst: Parametric Study. (2021). LAPSE:2021.0084

Author Affiliations

Sajid M: Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia; HiCoE-Center for biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Sustainable building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
Ayoub M: Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia; HiCoE-Center for biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Sustainable building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia [ORCID]
Yusup S: Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia; HiCoE-Center for biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Sustainable building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
Abdullah B: Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Center of Contaminant Control and Utilization (CenCoU), Institute Contaminant Management for Oil and Gas, Bandar Seri Iskandar [ORCID]
Shamsuddin R: Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia; HiCoE-Center for biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Sustainable building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia [ORCID]
Bilad R: Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia; HiCoE-Center for biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Sustainable building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia [ORCID]
Chong CC: Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia; HiCoE-Center for biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Sustainable building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
Aqsha A: Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia; HiCoE-Center for biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Sustainable building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia

Journal Name

Processes

Volume

8

Issue

9

Article Number

E1093

Year

2020

Publication Date

2020-09-03