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Records with Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Showing records 54 to 78 of 1331. [First] Page: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Last
AI-Based Scheduling Models, Optimization, and Prediction for Hydropower Generation: Opportunities, Issues, and Future Directions
Yoan Villeneuve, Sara Séguin, Abdellah Chehri
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: deep neural networks, hydropower, hydropower scheduling, linear regression, Machine Learning, Optimization, random forest, reinforcement learning, stochastic programming
Hydropower is the most prevalent source of renewable energy production worldwide. As the global demand for robust and ecologically sustainable energy production increases, developing and enhancing the current energy production processes is essential. In the past decade, machine learning has contributed significantly to various fields, and hydropower is no exception. All three horizons of hydropower models could benefit from machine learning: short-term, medium-term, and long-term. Currently, dynamic programming is used in the majority of hydropower scheduling models. In this paper, we review the present state of the hydropower scheduling problem as well as the development of machine learning as a type of optimization problem and prediction tool. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey article that provides a comprehensive overview of machine learning and artificial intelligence applications in the hydroelectric power industry for scheduling, optimization, and prediction.
Impact of Electricity Price Expectation in the Planning Period on the Evolution of Generation Expansion Planning in the Market Environment
Xian Huang, Kun Liu
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: electricity price, game theory, generation expansion planning, multi-agent, pay as bid
With the continuous promotion of China’s electricity market reform, the introduction of competition in the power generation market provides a new research direction for the generation expansion planning (GEP) problem, which is of great significance in the promotion of the optimization of the power energy structure. In the context of marketization, the electricity price expectation during the planning period is a key factor of GEP for independent power generation groups. There is some literature showing that the electricity price expectation in the planning period can be estimated according to certain laws of market supply and demand, while it seems to us that a future Pay as Bid (PAB) mechanism is better to determine the electricity price expectation. In this paper, to explore the impact of these two different electricity price formation mechanisms on the evolution of the generation market, a multi-agent framework is first established to describe the interaction process among the gener... [more]
An Optimal Day-Ahead Thermal Generation Scheduling Method to Enhance Total Transfer Capability for the Sending-Side System with Large-Scale Wind Power Integration
Yuwei Zhang, Wenying Liu, Yue Huan, Qiang Zhou, Ningbo Wang
April 25, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: day-ahead thermal generation scheduling, enhance total transfer capability, reduce curtailed wind power
The rapidly increasing penetration of wind power into sending-side systems makes the wind power curtailment problem more severe. Enhancing the total transfer capability (TTC) of the transmission channel allows more wind power to be delivered to the load center; therefore, the curtailed wind power can be reduced. In this paper, a new method is proposed to enhance TTC, which works by optimizing the day-ahead thermal generation schedules. First, the impact of thermal generation plant/unit commitment on TTC is analyzed. Based on this, the day-ahead thermal generation scheduling rules to enhance TTC are proposed herein, and the corresponding optimization models are established and solved. Then, the optimal day-ahead thermal generation scheduling method to enhance TTC is formed. The proposed method was validated on the large-scale wind power base sending-side system in Gansu Province in China; the results indicate that the proposed method can significantly enhance TTC, and therefore, reduce... [more]
The Cost of Saving Electricity: A Multi-Program Cost Curve for Programs Funded by U.S. Utility Customers
Charles A. Goldman, Ian Hoffman, Sean Murphy, Natalie Mims Frick, Greg Leventis, Lisa Schwartz
April 25, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: cost of saved electricity, demand-side management, efficiency supply curves, electricity savings, energy efficiency programs, program costs, utility planning
This study analyzed the cost performance of electricity efficiency programs implemented by 116 investor-owned utilities between 2009 and 2015 in 41 states, representing about three-quarters of the total spending on U.S. efficiency programs. We applied our typology to characterize efficiency programs along several dimensions (market sector, technology, delivery approach, and intervention strategy) and report the costs incurred by utilities and other program administrators to achieve electricity savings as a result of the programs. Such cost performance data can be used to compare relative costs of different types of efficiency programs, evaluate efficiency options alongside other electricity resources, benchmark local efficiency programs against regional and national cost estimates, and assess the costs of meeting state efficiency policies. The savings-weighted average cost of saved electricity for the period was $0.025/kilowatt-hour (kWh). The cost of saved electricity for programs tha... [more]
Tools for Measuring Energy Sustainability: A Comparative Review
Rafael Ninno Muniz, Stéfano Frizzo Stefenon, William Gouvêa Buratto, Ademir Nied, Luiz Henrique Meyer, Erlon Cristian Finardi, Ricardo Marino Kühl, José Alberto Silva de Sá, Brigida Ramati Pereira da Rocha
April 25, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: energy planning, energy sustainability, sustainable development
This paper is intended to perform a comparative and qualitative review among eight tools to measure energy sustainability. Therefore, it was necessary to create a theoretical and conceptual framework based on four criterias of selection and six categories of comparison. In this work, the conceptual bases that supported the research and the methodology created to carry out the comparative review will be presented. This analysis was based on the intrinsic concepts of energy sustainability of each of the reviewed tools with a critical qualitative analysis. Some conclusions shown through the conceptual framework developed that it was possible to apply an innovative methodology to qualitatively compare different tools to measure sustainability. The importance of this reflects the difficulty of conceptualizing the subjectivity of sustainable development, as shown throughout the paper, where it is often not possible to obtain a measurable result since the measured phenomenon is too complex to... [more]
Pan-European CVaR-Constrained Stochastic Unit Commitment in Day-Ahead and Intraday Electricity Markets
Moritz Nobis, Carlo Schmitt, Ralf Schemm, Armin Schnettler
April 25, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: benders decomposition, conditional value at risk, forecasting errors, intraday markets, Lagrangian relaxation, stochastic mixed integer programming, unit commitment
The fundamental modeling of energy systems through individual unit commitment decisions is crucial for energy system planning. However, current large-scale models are not capable of including uncertainties or even risk-averse behavior arising from forecasting errors of variable renewable energies. However, risks associated with uncertain forecasting errors have become increasingly relevant within the process of decarbonization. The intraday market serves to compensate for these forecasting errors. Thus, the uncertainty of forecasting errors results in uncertain intraday prices and quantities. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-stage risk-constrained stochastic optimization approach to fundamentally model unit commitment decisions facing an uncertain intraday market. By the nesting of Lagrangian relaxation and an extended Benders decomposition, this model can be applied to large-scale, e.g., pan-European, power systems. The approach is applied to scenarios for 2023—considering a full... [more]
Open Data and Energy Analytics
Benedetto Nastasi, Massimiliano Manfren, Michel Noussan
April 25, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: building dataset, data mining, energy mapping, energy modelling, energy planning, Machine Learning, open data analytics, open energy governance, smart cities, urban database
This pioneering Special Issue aims at providing the state-of-the-art on open energy data analytics; its availability in the different contexts, i.e., country peculiarities; and at different scales, i.e., building, district, and regional for data-aware planning and policy-making. Ten high-quality papers were published after a demanding peer review process and are commented on in this Editorial.
Planning Under Uncertainty Applications in Power Plants Using Factored Markov Decision Processes
Alberto Reyes, L. Enrique Sucar, Pablo H. Ibargüengoytia, Eduardo F. Morales
April 25, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Markov decision processes, planning under uncertainty, power plants
Due to its ability to deal with non-determinism and partial observability, represent goals as an immediate reward function and find optimal solutions, planning under uncertainty using factored Markov Decision Processes (FMDPs) has increased its importance and usage in power plants and power systems. In this paper, three different applications using this approach are described: (i) optimal dam management in hydroelectric power plants, (ii) inspection and surveillance in electric substations, and (iii) optimization of steam generation in a combined cycle power plant. For each case, the technique has demonstrated to find optimal action policies in uncertain settings, present good response and compilation times, deal with stochastic variables and be a good alternative to traditional control systems. The main contributions of this work are as follows, a methodology to approximate a decision model using machine learning techniques, and examples of how to specify and solve problems in the ele... [more]
Smart and Age-Friendly Communities in Poland. An Analysis of Institutional and Individual Conditions for a New Concept of Smart Development of Ageing Communities
Aldona Podgórniak-Krzykacz, Justyna Przywojska, Justyna Wiktorowicz
April 25, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: age-friendly community, ageing, smart city, smart village
In the face of the dynamic ageing of local communities, smart cities and smart villages programs should seek to ensure meeting the needs of the elderly and promoting solutions tailored to their computer literacy, digital skills, and perception capabilities. In this context we propose to approach local smart and age-friendly communities initiatives in a way that would provide responses to two contemporary megatrends: digitalization and demographic transition. We assumed that the deployment of such initiatives in local planning and governance depends on at least two conditions: demand for smart everyday products and services represented by older adults and the perspective of the local decision-makers. The paper aims to examine whether the smart city/smart village idea focused on meeting the needs of the elderly and seeking to shape age-friendly local communities and the environment could be implemented in the municipalities in Poland. The analysis of the elderly Poles’ capabilities to ab... [more]
Compact Thermal Modelling Tool for Fast Design Space Exploration of 3D ICs with Integrated Microchannels
Piotr Zając
April 25, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: 3D IC, compact thermal model, DVFS, hotspot, liquid cooling, microchannels, statistical analysis, thermal simulation, thermal-aware task scheduling
Integrated microchannel cooling is a very promising concept for thermal management of 3D ICs, because it offers much higher cooling performance than conventional forced-air convection. The thermo-fluidic simulations of such chips are usually performed using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. However, due to the complexity of the fluid flow modelling, such simulations are typically very long and faster models are therefore considered. This paper demonstrates the advantages of TIMiTIC—a compact thermal simulator for chips with liquid cooling—and shows its practical usefulness in design space exploration of 3D ICs with integrated microchannels. Moreover, thermal simulations of a 3D processor model using the proposed tool are used to estimate the optimal power dissipation profile in the chip and to prove that such an optimal profile allows for a very significant (more than 10 °C) peak temperature reduction. Finally, a custom correlation metric is introduced which allows the com... [more]
The Methodology for Designing Residential Buildings with a Positive Energy Balance—Case Study
Bartosz Radomski, Tomasz Mróz
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: multicriteria analysis, planning methodology, plus energy buildings
The article presents the results of the application of an original methodology for designing residential buildings with a positive energy balance in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. The methodology was verified using a computational example involving the selection of a compromise solution for a single-family residential building with a positive energy balance located in Warsaw, Poland. Three different models of decision-makers’ preferences were created, taking into account selected decision sub-criteria. Three technical solutions were identified, permissible according to the principles and guidelines for designing buildings with a positive energy balance. As a result of the performed calculations, the final order of the analyzed variants was obtained, from the most preferred to the least accepted solution. Variant 2 is definitely the most advantageous solution, being the best in a group of 20 to 26 evaluation sub-criteria—depending on the adopted model of the... [more]
An Optimal Train Speed Profile Planning Method for Induction Motor Traction System
Ziyu Wu, Chunhai Gao, Tao Tang
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: dynamic programming, Energy Efficiency, induction motor, traction system, train speed profile
Optimizing the operating speed curve of trains without adding new energy storage facilities is essential in the energy-saving operation of railways. In this paper, we propose an optimal train speed curve planning method for driving trains more energy efficiently. A refined traction energy evaluation model for induction motor propulsion systems is first presented. The proposed model considers the efficiency of the traction motor at different operating points and the efficiency of the inverter and gearbox. Then, the optimal energy-efficient speed profile problem is transformed into a multistep decision problem and solved using dynamic programming (DP). To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a case study was conducted on an actual subway line. The results obtained indicate that the speed curve produced by the proposed method results in a 20% energy consumption saving compared with the speed curve for actual operations. Furthermore, the results of comparison with a genetic alg... [more]
Heuristic Methodology for Planning AC Rural Medium-Voltage Distribution Grids
Oscar Danilo Montoya, Federico Martin Serra, Cristian Hernan De Angelo, Harold R. Chamorro, Lazaro Alvarado-Barrios
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: distribution system planning, heuristic optimization methodology, minimum spanning tree, rural distribution networks, tabu search algorithm
The optimal expansion of AC medium-voltage distribution grids for rural applications is addressed in this study from a heuristic perspective. The optimal routes of a distribution feeder are selected by applying the concept of a minimum spanning tree by limiting the number of branches that are connected to a substation (mixed-integer linear programming formulation). In order to choose the caliber of the conductors for the selected feeder routes, the maximum expected current that is absorbed by the loads is calculated, thereby defining the minimum thermal bound of the conductor caliber. With the topology and the initial selection of the conductors, a tabu search algorithm (TSA) is implemented to refine the solution with the help of a three-phase power flow simulation in MATLAB for three different load conditions, i.e., maximum, medium, and minimum consumption with values of 100%, 60%, and 30%, respectively. This helps in calculating the annual costs of the energy losses that will be summ... [more]
Improving the Process of Developing New Services Using Uncertain Data
Ilona Skačkauskienė, Povilas Švogžlys
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: model, Monte Carlo, new service development, new service development model, NSD, PERT, three-point estimation, uncertainty
The rapid changes in the services sector encourage companies to improve the processes for developing and delivering new services. An effective new service development process is not possible without planning. Business entities can plan their time, organise activities, and prioritise tasks according to the complexity or the total duration of the process. However, in the context of new service development, the planning aspect is still not sufficiently emphasised. It is noted that the aim is often to identify the factors that could reduce the duration of this process. However, there is a lack of relevant data based on certain expressions of time. The lack of such research limits the improvement of the planning processes for new service development projects. In order to evaluate the possibilities of application of the proposed new service development model for companies providing services, an empirical evaluation was conducted, using methods of expert survey, program evaluation and review,... [more]
Machine Learning Applications in Biofuels’ Life Cycle: Soil, Feedstock, Production, Consumption, and Emissions
Iftikhar Ahmad, Adil Sana, Manabu Kano, Izzat Iqbal Cheema, Brenno C. Menezes, Junaid Shahzad, Zahid Ullah, Muzammil Khan, Asad Habib
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Machine Learning (ML) is one of the major driving forces behind the fourth industrial revolution. This study reviews the ML applications in the life cycle stages of biofuels, i.e., soil, feedstock, production, consumption, and emissions. ML applications in the soil stage were mostly used for satellite images of land to estimate the yield of biofuels or a suitability analysis of agricultural land. The existing literature have reported on the assessment of rheological properties of the feedstocks and their effect on the quality of biofuels. The ML applications in the production stage include estimation and optimization of quality, quantity, and process conditions. The fuel consumption and emissions stage include analysis of engine performance and estimation of emissions temperature and composition. This study identifies the following trends: the most dominant ML method, the stage of life cycle getting the most usage of ML, the type of data used for the development of the ML-based models,... [more]
Assessing Potential Thermo-Mechanical Impacts on Caprock Due to CO2 Injection—A Case Study from Northern Lights CCS
Nicholas Thompson, Jamie Stuart Andrews, Tore Ingvald Bjørnarå
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: caprock, CCS, geomechanics, thermal effects
Due to significant temperature differences between the injected medium and in situ formation, injection of CO2 (as with water or other cold fluids) at depth induces thermal changes that must be accounted for a complete understanding of the mechanical integrity of the injection/storage system. Based on evaluations for the Northern Lights Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project, we focus on thermal effects induced on the caprock via conduction from cooling in the storage sands below. We investigate, using both analytical and numerical approaches, how undrained effects within the low permeability caprock can lead to volumetric contraction differences between the rock framework and the pore fluid which induce both stress and pore pressure changes that must be properly quantified. We show that such undrained effects, while inducing a more complicated response in the stress changes in the caprock, do not necessarily lead to unfavourable tensile conditions, and may, in fact, lead to increase... [more]
Investigating the Impact of Public Transport Service Disruptions upon Passenger Travel Behaviour—Results from Krakow City
Arkadiusz Adam Drabicki, Md Faqhrul Islam, Andrzej Szarata
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: public transport, real-time information, RTI, service disruption, travel behaviour
Public transport (PT) service disruptions are common and unexpected events which often result in major impediment to passengers’ typical travel routines. However, attitudes and behavioural responses to unexpected PT disruptions are still not fully understood in state-of-the-art research. The objective of this study is to examine how PT users adapt their travel choices and what travel information sources they utilize once they encounter sudden PT service disruptions. To this end, we conduct a passenger survey among PT users in the city of Kraków (Poland), consisting of a series of stated- and revealed-preference questions. Results show that passengers’ reported choices during past PT disruptions mostly involve adjusting the current PT travel routine, exposing a certain bias with their stated choices (which tend to overestimate the probability of modal shifts). Factors influencing travel behaviour shifts include frequency and recency of PT disruption experience, as well as propensity to... [more]
Active Distribution Networks Planning Considering Multi-DG Configurations and Contingency Analysis
Bilal Amjad, Mohammad Ahmad A. Al-Ja’afreh, Geev Mokryani
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: active distribution networks, active network management (ANM), contingency analysis, distributed generators (DGs)
This paper proposes a novel method for planning active distribution networks (ADNs) with the integration of an active network management (ANM) scheme using coordinated voltage control (CVC) through on-load tap changer (OLTC) transformers. The method was formulated as a security-constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) problem to minimize total operational costs, which maximizes the utilization of renewable distributed generators (DGs) over a planning horizon. The ANM scheme was applied using OLTC to ensure safe operation and reduce voltage violations in the network. To analyse the impact of ANM, the planning problem was examined both with and without the ANM scheme. Moreover, SCOPF, considering the N-1 line contingency analysis and multi-DG configuration, was implemented to analyse the feasibility of the proposed method and the advantages of ANM under contingency situations. The method was validated on a weakly-meshed 16-bus UK generic distribution system (UKGDS). The results showed that... [more]
Seaports during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Terminal Operators’ Tactical Responses to Disruptions in Maritime Supply Chains
Marta Mańkowska, Michał Pluciński, Izabela Kotowska, Ludmiła Filina-Dawidowicz
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, distributions, maritime supply chains, response strategies, seaports, tactical decisions, terminal operators
The world-wide crisis caused by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a significant impact on the global economy functioning and the sustainable development of supply chains. The changes also affected seaports being the key links of maritime supply chains. The purpose of the research study described in this article was to identify the sources and kinds of disruptions observed in various maritime supply chains as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the operations of various types of seaport terminals, namely those serving bulk (universal, specialised) and general cargoes (universal, specialised). An additional purpose was to identify the dependencies between the type of terminal and its main function, and the tactical decisions adopted by the particular terminals. The research was carried out using the multiple-case study method. The study covered some selected port terminals functioning in Polish seaports (Gdańsk, Szczecin, Świnoujście), applying direct... [more]
Cyber Security for Multi-Station Integrated Smart Energy Stations: Architecture and Solutions
Yangrong Chen, June Li, Qiuyu Lu, Hai Lin, Yu Xia, Fuyang Li
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: cyber security, improved IEC 62351, multi-station integration, queue scheduling, security zoning, service priority
Multi-station integration is motivated by the requirements of distributed energies interconnection and improvements in the efficiency of energy systems. Due to the diversity of communication services and the complexity of data exchanges between in-of-station and out-of-station, multi-station integrated systems have high security requirements. However, issues related to cyber security for multi-station integrated systems are seldom explored. Hence, this paper designs the secondary system architecture and proposes cyber security protection solutions for smart energy stations (SESt) that integrate the substation, photovoltaic station, energy storage station, electric vehicle charging station, and data center station. Firstly, the composition of SESt and functions of each substation are presented, a layered architecture of SESt is designed, and data exchanges of SESt are analyzed. Then, the cyber security threats and requirements of SESt are illustrated. Moreover, the cyber security protec... [more]
Energy Dissipation during Surface Interaction of an Underactuated Robot for Planetary Exploration
Łukasz Wiśniewski, Jerzy Grygorczuk, Paweł Zajko, Mateusz Przerwa, Gordon Wasilewski, Joanna Gurgurewicz, Daniel Mège
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: energy accumulation, energy dissipation, in-situ space exploration, regolith interaction, scalable actuator, surface contact dynamics, terrain mobility, underactuated robot
The article summarizes research on essential contributors to energy dissipation in an actuator for an exemplary planetary exploration hopping robot. It was demonstrated that contact dynamics could vary significantly depending on the surface type. As a result, regolith is a significant uncertainty factor to the control loop and plays a significant contribution in the control system development of future planetary exploration robots. The actual prototype of the actuating mechanism was tested on a reference surface and then compared with various surfaces (i.e., Syar, quartz sand, expanded clay, and quartz aggregate) to estimate the dissipation of the energy in the initial phase of hopping. Test outcomes are compared with multibody analysis. The research enhances trajectory planning and adaptive control of future hopping robots by determining three significant types of energy losses in the system and, most importantly, determining energy dissipation coefficients in contact with the various... [more]
Understanding Load Profiles of Mini-Grid Customers in Tanzania
Nigel Scott, William Coley
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: electric cooking, load profile, mini-grid, Tanzania
Strategies for meeting Sustainable Development Goal 7 of providing access to electricity for all recognize the important role that off-grid solutions will need to play. Mini-grids will from part of this response, yet little data exists on household demand from these customers. Predicting demand accurately is a crucial part of planning financially viable mini-grid systems, so it is important to understand demand as fully as possible. This paper draws on metered data from two solar PV diesel hybrid mini-grid sites in Tanzania. It presents an analysis of load profiles from the different sites and categorizes households by demand characteristics. The paper then combines load profile data with household demographic and electrical asset ownership data to explore factors behind distinct load profile patterns of use. It concludes that load profiles are determined by a complex mix of appliance ownership, occupancy, and socio-economic status.
Technical Indicators for the Comparison of Power Network Development in Scenario Evaluations
Maria Dicorato, Gioacchino Tricarico, Giuseppe Forte, Francesca Marasciuolo
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: analytic hierarchy process, load increase, network development project, renewable increase, transmission network
The problem of electric network expansion has different implications concerning the definition of criteria for the comparison of different candidate projects. Transmission expansion planning usually involves a set of economic and technical influences on market framework and on network operation over defined scenario evolutions, or even combining generation and transmission planning, although the application to real-sized networks usually implies cost-benefit analysis. In this paper, a methodology for performance analysis of a set of network development projects is proposed, including zonal market framework and load flow analysis, in order to individuate possible candidate projects and their influence on active power losses, admissible load increase and admissible renewable generation increase. Those merit indicators are compared among candidate projects by means of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, aiming at determining the most promising solution under different weights of crit... [more]
Single Well Productivity Prediction Model for Fracture-Vuggy Reservoir Based on Selected Seismic Attributes
Shuozhen Wang, Shuoliang Wang, Chunlei Yu, Haifeng Liu
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: fracture–vuggy reservoir, multivariate nonlinear regression, single well productivity prediction, three-dimensional seismic attribute, triple medium model
Single well productivity is an important index of oilfield production planning and economic evaluation. Due to fracture-vuggy reservoirs being characteristically strongly heterogeneous and having complex fluid distribution, the commonly used single well productivity prediction methods for fracture-vuggy reservoirs have many problems, such as difficulty in obtaining reservoir parameters and producing large errors in the forecast values of single well productivity. In this paper, based on the triple medium model, the Laplace transform and Duhamel principle are used to obtain the productivity equation of a single well in a fracture-vuggy reservoir. Secondly, the seismic attributes affecting the productivity of a single well are selected using the Spearman and Pearson correlation index calculation method. Finally, the selected seismic attributes are introduced into the productivity equation of the triple medium model through the interporosity flow coefficient and the elastic storativity ra... [more]
Identifying the Optimal Packing and Routing to Improve Last-Mile Delivery Using Cargo Bicycles
Vitalii Naumov, Michał Pawluś
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: cargo bicycles, CVRP, last-mile logistics, MTSP
Efficient vehicle routing is a major concern for any supply chain, especially when dealing with last-mile deliveries in highly urbanized areas. In this paper problems considering last-mile delivery in areas with the restrictions of motorized traffic are described and different types of cargo bikes are reviewed. The paper describes methods developed in order to solve a combination of problems for cargo bicycle logistics, including efficient packing, routing and load-dependent speed constraints. Proposed models apply mathematical descriptions of problems, including the Knapsack Problem, Traveling Salesman Problem and Traveling Thief Problem. Based on synthetically generated data, we study the efficiency of the proposed algorithms. Models described in this paper are implemented in Python programming language and will be further developed and used for solving the problems of electric cargo bikes’ routing under real-world conditions.
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