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Records with Subject: Planning & Scheduling
147. LAPSE:2023.31145
Optimal Incorporation of Intermittent Renewable Energy Storage Units and Green Hydrogen Production in the Electrical Sector
April 18, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
This paper presents a mathematical programming approach for the strategic planning of hydrogen production from renewable energies and its use in electric power generation in conventional technologies. The proposed approach aims to determine the optimal selection of the different types of technologies, electrolyzers and storage units (energy and hydrogen). The approach considers the implementation of an optimization methodology to select a representative data set that characterizes the total annual demand. The economic objective aims to determine the minimum cost, which is composed of the capital costs in the acquisition of units, operating costs of such units, costs of production and transmission of energy, as well as the cost associated with the emissions generated, which is related to an environmental tax. A specific case study is presented in the Mexican peninsula and the results show that it is possible to produce hydrogen at a minimum sale price of 4200 $/tonH2, with a total cost... [more]
148. LAPSE:2023.31143
Stochastic Security-Constrained Economic Dispatch of Load-Following and Contingency Reserves Ancillary Service Using a Grid-Connected Microgrid during Uncertainty
April 18, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: contingency, load-following, multiperiod, security-constrained, stochastic, uncertainty
In the context of the growing penetration of renewable power sources in power systems causing probabilistic contingency conditions, a suitable economic dispatch model is decisively needed. There is a lack of research in the field of probabilistic mathematical formulation considering the uncertainties due to the stochastic nature of renewables and contingency occurrence, as it is a very complex problem to be solved. The most appropriate model is the stochastic security-constrained economic dispatch (SSCED) model for optimized economic dispatch decisions during uncertainty. However, because of its complexity, it is rarely employed. This paper attempts to solve the complex SSCED problem in the presence of the uncertainty of resources and probabilistic contingency conditions, which is a novel effort in this regard. The SSCED is carried out over multiple periods to provide the load-following or contingency reserves. In the proposed SSCED, the uncertainty problem is addressed by modeling the... [more]
149. LAPSE:2023.31118
Multiple Novel Decomposition Techniques for Time Series Forecasting: Application to Monthly Forecasting of Electricity Consumption in Pakistan
April 18, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: decomposition methods, electricity consumption, monthly forecasting, times series models
In today’s modern world, monthly forecasts of electricity consumption are vital in planning the generation and distribution of energy utilities. However, the properties of these time series are so complex that they are difficult to model directly. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of forecasting monthly electricity consumption by comparing several decomposition techniques followed by various time series models. To this end, first, we decompose the electricity consumption time series into three new subseries: the long-term trend series, the seasonal series, and the stochastic series, using the three different proposed decomposition methods. Second, to forecast each subseries with various popular time series models, all their possible combinations are considered. Finally, the forecast results of each subseries are summed up to obtain the final forecast results. The proposed modeling and forecasting framework is applied to data on Pakistan’s monthly electricity consumptio... [more]
150. LAPSE:2023.31016
The Scheduling Research of a Wind-Solar-Hydro Hybrid System Based on a Sand-Table Deduction Model at Ultra-Short-Term Scales
April 17, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: hybrid system, load curve, Scheduling, self-adaptive, source-load matching, ultra-short-term
Establishing a wind-solar-hydro hybrid generation system is an effective way of ensuring the smooth passage of clean energy into the grid, and its related scheduling research is a complex and real-time optimization problem. Compared with the traditional scheduling method, this research investigates and improves the accuracy of the scheduling model and the flexibility of the scheduling strategy. The paper innovatively introduces a sand-table deduction model and designs a real-time adaptive scheduling algorithm to evaluate the source-load matching capability of the hybrid wind-solar-hydro system at ultra-short-term scales, and verifies it through arithmetic examples. The results show that the proposed adaptive sand-table scheduling model can reflect the actual output characteristics of the hybrid wind-solar-hydro system, track the load curve, and suppress the fluctuation of wind and solar energy, with good source-load matching capability.
151. LAPSE:2023.30995
A Bilevel Stochastic Optimization Framework for Market-Oriented Transmission Expansion Planning Considering Market Power
April 17, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: bilevel programming, KKT conditions, market power, mixed-integer linear/quadratic programming, stochastic programming, transmission expansion planning
Market power, defined as the ability to raise prices above competitive levels profitably, continues to be a prime concern in the restructured electricity markets. Market power must be mitigated to improve market performance and avoid inefficient generation investment, price volatility, and overpayment in power systems. For this reason, involving market power in the transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem is essential for ensuring the efficient operation of the electricity markets. In this regard, a methodological bilevel stochastic framework for the TEP problem that explicitly includes the market power indices in the upper level is proposed, aiming to restrict the potential market power execution. A mixed-integer linear/quadratic programming (MILP/MIQP) reformulation of the stochastic bilevel model is constructed utilizing Karush−Kuhn−Tucker (KKT) conditions. Wind power and electricity demand uncertainty are incorporated using scenario-based two-stage stochastic programming. The... [more]
152. LAPSE:2023.30988
Novel Planning Methodology for Spatially Optimized RES Development Which Minimizes Flexibility Requirements for Their Integration into the Power System
April 17, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: constrained least squares, decarbonization, flexibility, Optimization, RES capacity expansion planning
An optimization model which determines optimal spatial allocation of wind (WPPs) and PV power plants (PVPPs) for an energy independent power system is developed in this paper. Complementarity of the natural generation profiles of WPPs and PVPPs, as well as differences between generation profiles of WPPs and PVPPs located in different regions, gives us opportunity to optimize the generation capacity structure and spatial allocation of renewable energy sources (RES) in order to satisfy the energy needs while alleviating the total flexibility requirements in the power system. The optimization model is based on least squared error minimization under constraints where the error represents the difference between total wind and solar generation and the referent consumption profile. This model leverages between total energy and total power requirements that flexibility resources in the considered power system need to provide in the sense that the total balancing energy minimization implicitly... [more]
153. LAPSE:2023.30986
Multi-Microgrid Collaborative Optimization Scheduling Using an Improved Multi-Agent Soft Actor-Critic Algorithm
April 17, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: automated machine learning, collaborative optimization, multi-agent deep reinforcement learning, multi-microgrid
The implementation of a multi-microgrid (MMG) system with multiple renewable energy sources enables the facilitation of electricity trading. To tackle the energy management problem of an MMG system, which consists of multiple renewable energy microgrids belonging to different operating entities, this paper proposes an MMG collaborative optimization scheduling model based on a multi-agent centralized training distributed execution framework. To enhance the generalization ability of dealing with various uncertainties, we also propose an improved multi-agent soft actor-critic (MASAC) algorithm, which facilitates energy transactions between multi-agents in MMG, and employs automated machine learning (AutoML) to optimize the MASAC hyperparameters to further improve the generalization of deep reinforcement learning (DRL). The test results demonstrate that the proposed method successfully achieves power complementarity between different entities and reduces the MMG system’s operating cost. Ad... [more]
154. LAPSE:2023.30887
Research on Supply Chain Optimization Considering Consumer Subsidy Mechanism in the Context of Carbon Neutrality
April 17, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: carbon emissions, consumer subsidies, pricing strategy, trading mechanism
With the proposal of China’s “carbon peak, carbon neutral” strategy, the increasing awareness of low carbon production among consumers, and the government’s introduction of carbon trading mechanism and low carbon consumption subsidy policies, enterprises are facing good opportunities for development. However, how the government can reasonably formulate low carbon policies and how enterprises can implement optimal low-carbon production decisions are still key issues in China’s low-carbon transition development. In this context, this paper is based on the carbon trading mechanism and carbon consumption subsidies. In this context, based on the carbon trading mechanism, this paper focuses on green production and green consumption, considers the impact of low-carbon consumer preferences and government subsidies on enterprises’ low-carbon production decisions, and uses the optimal theory to study the optimal pricing strategy and the optimal carbon reduction strategy. The study shows that the... [more]
155. LAPSE:2023.30883
Energy Supply Systems Predicting Model for the Integration of Long-Term Energy Planning Variables with Sustainable Livelihoods Approach in Remote Communities
April 17, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: energy management, energy systems optimization, evolutionary algorithm, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, sustainable livelihoods
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations Organization pursue the provision of affordable and quality energy for all human beings, which is why the correct planning of Energy Supply Systems (ESS) in communities that present levels of energy poverty, that is, the impossibility to satisfy their minimum needs for energy services. This work proposes a methodology to evaluate the contribution to development by the adequate provision of the demand of ESS in remote communities through the approach of Sustainable Livelihoods (SLs). The methodology starts from the initial evaluation of the sustainable livelihoods or capitals of the communities and the analysis of their interaction. Then, a capital improvement process is proposed by selecting the indicator values that optimize the model in each period, through an evolutionary algorithm that guarantees that the indicators evolve to a rich scenario as a result of planning to evolve the key variables based on a quantitative mod... [more]
156. LAPSE:2023.30857
Optimal Configuration of User-Side Energy Storage for Multi-Transformer Integrated Industrial Park Microgrid
April 17, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: Energy Storage, industrial park microgrid, multi-transformer, optimal configuration, user-side
Under a two-part tariff, the user-side installation of photovoltaic and energy storage systems can simultaneously lower the electricity charge and demand charge. How to plan the energy storage capacity and location against the backdrop of a fully installed photovoltaic system is a critical element in determining the economic benefits of users. In view of this, we propose an optimal configuration of user-side energy storage for a multi-transformer-integrated industrial park microgrid. First, the objective function of user-side energy storage planning is built with the income and cost of energy storage in the whole life cycle as the core elements. This is conducted by taking into consideration the time-of-use electricity price, demand price, on-grid electricity price, and energy storage operation and maintenance costs. Then, considering the load characteristics and bidirectional energy interaction of different nodes, a user-side decentralized energy storage configuration model is develop... [more]
157. LAPSE:2023.30787
Energy Planning of Renewable Energy Sources in an Italian Context: Energy Forecasting Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems in the Residential Sector
April 17, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: domestic energy consumption, energy planning, energy supply security, photovoltaic energy system, photovoltaic potentiality, renewable energy source
Solar photovoltaic systems will play a key role in the country’s energy mix thanks to their ability to meet increasing energy needs while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Despite the potential of solar photovoltaic energy, several criticalities remain, such as the intermittent nature and the need for significant land use for its implementation. In this regard, this work aimed at evaluating the photovoltaic potentiality in a national context by 2030 and 2050, considering only installations on the roof surfaces of existing buildings, i.e., without consuming additional land. This study has allowed the answering of three key points: (i) the roof surface could represent a valuable and alternative solution for new installations, since it could amount to around 450 km2, (ii) the national target cannot be reached by only using installations on existing buildings, although some regions could get close to the target by 2050, and (iii) long-term energy incentives should be implemented branching... [more]
158. LAPSE:2023.30775
The Effect of Renewable Energy and Corporate Social Responsibility on Dual-Channel Supply Chain Management
April 17, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: corporate social responsibility, hybrid channel, price competition, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, sustainable supply chain model
Global energy demand has unquestionably increased significantly in recent years. Nowadays, industries are very aware of global warming, and to save the environment, they produce green products with energy consumption. Day by day, energy use is increasing due to population, end-use markets of construction, transportation, industry, etc. But the energy limit is finite, whereas the daily use is rising, so the price is increasing. In this study, two situations have been shown in two models with renewable energy consumption. Model 1 analyzes the manufacturer and retailer’s optimal green quality and sales price in two-echelon supply chain systems with centralized and decentralized cases. In this case, the retailer sells their products through three different channels: online, offline, and buy-online-pickup-in store, with three different selling prices. In Model 2, Manufacturer 1 and Manufacturer 2 produce green and regular products with renewable energy consumption. In this case, both manufa... [more]
159. LAPSE:2023.30732
Research on Financing Strategy of Green Energy-Efficient Supply Chain Based on Blockchain Technology
April 17, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: blockchain, energy saving, green credit financing for manufacturers, green energy-efficient supply chain, green information misreporting, pareto optimization
With the development of ecological economics, energy-saving green energy chain management has been a wide concern of academia and industries. However, the relatively high cost of green investment makes manufacturers face the problem of financial constraints. On this basis, because the green level information of products is proprietary to manufacturers, manufacturers will lie about the green level of products in order to improve their profits out of the principle of profit maximization. As a result, banks cannot obtain the true green level of products, reducing the benefits of the green energy-efficient supply chain system and making the market of green products volatile. In view of this, blockchain technology is introduced in this paper to improve customer’s product green level sensitivity and obtain lower green credit interest rates from banks. In this paper, a green supply chain financing model based on blockchain technology was constructed under the condition of green information mi... [more]
160. LAPSE:2023.30697
Load-Following Operation of Small Modular Reactors under Unit Commitment Planning with Various Photovoltaic System Conditions
April 17, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: duck curve, load-following model, NPP, PV, SMR, UC plan
Globally, renewable energies are indispensable resources on account of RE100 and the Paris Agreement. The most developed renewable energies are photovoltaics (PV) and wind energy, and they are continuously expanding. This study aims to optimize and analyze the nuclear power plant (NPP) load-following operation in various PV conditions in a metropolitan region. With theoretically estimated power demand and PV power, a mixed-integer problem (MIP) with ramping cycle constraint (RCC) was constructed for a safe load-following operation and simulated through duck curves under various NPP load-following regions (the extreme, normal, and safe regions). The simulation showed two major results for NPP load-following. Technically, RCC successfully controlled the NPP ramp cycle and was assured to be an optimization tool for NPP operation. Numerically, NPP load-following alleviated PV intermittency to almost 50%, 30%, and 15% depending on the load-following region. However, these effects were restr... [more]
161. LAPSE:2023.30622
Path Planning for a Solar-Powered UAV Inspecting Mountain Sites for Safety and Rescue
April 14, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: path planning, rapidly exploring random tree (RRT), safety and rescue missions, solar-powered UAVs, surveillance and monitoring, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
This paper focuses on the application using a solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to inspect mountain sites for the purpose of safety and rescue. An inspection path planning problem is formulated, which looks for the path for an UAV to visit a set of sites where people may appear while avoiding collisions with mountains and maintaining positive residual energy. A rapidly exploring random tree (RRT)-based planning method is proposed. This method firstly finds a feasible path that satisfies the residual energy requirement and then shortens the path if there is some abundant residual energy at the end. Computer simulations are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
162. LAPSE:2023.30617
Practically-Achievable Energy Savings with the Optimal Control of Stratified Water Heaters with Predicted Usage
April 14, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: domestic energy saving, electric water heater, energy usage prediction, Legionella, optimal control, scheduled control, water heater temperature control
Residential water heaters use a substantial amount of electrical energy and contribute to 25% of the energy usage in the residential sector. This raises concern for users in countries with flat rate electricity fees and where fossil fuels are used for electricity generation. Demand side management of tanked water heaters is well suited for energy-focused load reduction strategies. We propose a strategy for providing an electric water heater (EWH) with the optimal temperature planning to reduce the overall electrical energy usage while satisfying the comfort of the user. A probabilistic hot water usage model is used to predict the hot water usage behaviour for the A*-based optimisation algorithm, which accounts for water stratification in the tank. A temperature feedback controller with novel temperature and energy-correcting capabilities provides robustness to prediction errors. Three optimal control strategies are presented and compared to a baseline strategy with the thermostat alway... [more]
163. LAPSE:2023.30597
Flexible Transmission Network Expansion Planning Based on DQN Algorithm
April 14, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: construction sequence, deep Q-network, flexible transmission network expansion planning, prioritized experience replay strategy
Compared with static transmission network expansion planning (TNEP), multi-stage TNEP is more in line with the actual situation, but the modeling is also more complicated. This paper proposes a new multi-stage TNEP method based on the deep Q-network (DQN) algorithm, which can solve the multi-stage TNEP problem based on a static TNEP model. The main purpose of this research is to provide grid planners with a simple and effective multi-stage TNEP method, which is able to flexibly adjust the network expansion scheme without replanning. The proposed method takes into account the construction sequence of lines in the planning and completes the adaptive planning of lines by utilizing the interactive learning characteristics of the DQN algorithm. In order to speed up the learning efficiency of the algorithm and enable the agent to have a better judgment on the reward of the line-building action, the prioritized experience replay (PER) strategy is added to the DQN algorithm. In addition, the e... [more]
164. LAPSE:2023.30589
Planning and Settlement Conditions for the Development of Renewable Energy Sources in Poland: Conclusions for Local and Regional Policy
April 14, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: distributed generation, local development, settlement systems
The article presents an analysis of geographical-settlement and legal-planning conditions for the development of Poland’s distributed generation. The choice of this country is important and interesting due to the highly dispersed settlement, which may be a factor stimulating the development of this type of energy systems. For this reason, the analysis can be a model for other countries and regions, indicating ways to analyze and evaluate settlement and planning conditions for the development of renewable and distributed energy. At the same time, Poland is struggling with a severe crisis of spatial planning. By analysing these opportunities and threats, empirical analyses try to indicate regularities in this respect in Poland’s regions in a detailed approach to communes and detailed legal and planning conditions. The conclusions emphasise the usefulness of distributed generation development for peripheral and sparsely populated areas of Europe and other parts of the world and appropriat... [more]
165. LAPSE:2023.30577
Electric Distribution System Planning Methodology Considering Distributed Energy Resources: A Contribution towards Real Smart Grid Deployment
April 14, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: distributed energy resources (DER), distribution network planning, distribution system operator (DSO), network investment analysis, smart grids
Within the current context of energy transition, the first step to assure cost-efficient and reliable grid operations is the use of adequate planning tools. These tools must evaluate the real needs for reinforcing, replacing and incorporating new network assets considering not only technical and regulatory aspects but also the operational benefits that distributed energy resources (DER) may provide. With this purpose, this paper presents a novel methodology for the analysis and the advanced planning of the active distribution networks in the context of smart grids. The main contributions of the proposed methodology are the following: to incorporate the real capabilities of DER proactively to the planning and operation of distribution networks; to appropriately use the data available in current smart grids; and to promote the efficient use of network capacity in distribution level (efficiency decisions of its users, grid assets in service, access conditions, etc.) through potential oper... [more]
166. LAPSE:2023.30451
Biomass Sea-Based Supply Chains and the Secondary Ports in the Era of Decarbonization
April 14, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: Biomass, decarbonization, overseas sourcing, renewable energy sources, seaports, supply chains
One of the tools to attain the goal of climate-neutrality by 2050 by the European Union is increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the energy mix of member states. A major part of the future bioenergy mix is to be played by biomass. As many hazards have been pointed out when using forest biomass, particular attention is paid to the potential of agro biomass. However, as agro biomass is sourced mostly locally, the supply may not be sufficient to meet the growing demand. Therefore, international trade (including overseas) might become increasingly important to meet the EU renewable energy targets. In this context, it is seaports that may play a major part in developing biomass supply chains. The main purpose of the article is to fill the research gap by identifying the pros and cons for the development of biomass sea-based supply chains through secondary ports and specifying their relevance from the perspective of major stakeholders in the context of decarbonization pr... [more]
167. LAPSE:2023.30443
An Intelligent Task Scheduling Mechanism for Autonomous Vehicles via Deep Learning
April 14, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: autonomous vehicles, deep learning, energy consumption, heterogeneous multicore, IoT, Scheduling, task mapping
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence, autonomous vehicles have received much attention in recent years. Safe driving is one of the essential concerns of self-driving cars. The main problem in providing better safe driving requires an efficient inference system for real-time task management and autonomous control. Due to limited battery life and computing power, reducing execution time and resource consumption can be a daunting process. This paper addressed these challenges and developed an intelligent task management system for IoT-based autonomous vehicles. For each task processing, a supervised resource predictor is invoked for optimal hardware cluster selection. Tasks are executed based on the earliest hyper period first (EHF) scheduler to achieve optimal task error rate and schedule length performance. The single-layer feedforward neural network (SLFN) and lightweight learning approaches are designed to distribute each task to the a... [more]
168. LAPSE:2023.30418
Integrated Optimization of Routing and Energy Management for Electric Vehicles in Delivery Scheduling
April 14, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: electric vehicle, energy consumption, energy management, logistics, Supply Chain, vehicle routing problem
At present, electric vehicles (EVs) are attracting increasing attention and have great potential for replacing fossil-fueled vehicles, especially for logistics applications. However, energy management for EVs is essential for them to be advantageous owing to their limitations with regard to battery capacity and recharging times. Therefore, inefficiencies can be expected for EV-based logistical operations without an energy management plan, which is not necessarily considered in traditional routing exercises. In this study, for the logistics application of EVs to manage energy and schedule the vehicle route, a system is proposed. The system comprises two parts: (1) a case-based reasoning subsystem to forecast the energy consumption and travel time for each route section, and (2) a genetic algorithm to optimize vehicle routing with an energy consumption situation as a new constraint. A dynamic adjustment algorithm is also adopted to achieve a rapid response to accidents in which the vehic... [more]
169. LAPSE:2023.30308
Prediction of the Potential Daily Output of a Shearer-Loader
April 14, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: daily output, economic analysis, machine operating time, prediction, safety, shearer capacity
Economic analysis allows for determining the required daily output under certain natural and mining conditions based on the costs of the production process in a particular mine infrastructure. Therefore, there is a need to determine the potential daily output of a longwall using the technical equipment at the disposal of the mine. In the case of mines, when exploiting a few longwalls simultaneously in the conditions of bumping hazards, it is indispensable to ensure safety. Due to a necessity of keeping a safe distance among the longwall fronts, when planning their exploitation, developing a prediction of the longwalls in advance during the planning period is needed. To predict the daily production from a longwall and daily advance of the longwall in the analyzed period, it is necessary to know the current operating time of machines and the capacity of the shearer under given conditions. The current working time of machines results from the available time and the degree of its utilizati... [more]
170. LAPSE:2023.30292
Combined Engineering—Statistical Method for Assessing Solar Photovoltaic Potential on Residential Rooftops: Case of Laghouat in Central Southern Algeria
April 14, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: Algeria, energy planning, GIS-statistical, residential building rooftops, solar potential, solar simulation
Solar energy planning becomes crucial to develop adaptive policies ensuring both energy efficiency and climate change mitigation. Cities, particularly building’s rooftops, constitute a promising infrastructure for enabling the use of locale solar resources. This study proposes a combined engineering−statistical methodology to assess the photovoltaic potential of residential rooftops. Using validated algorithms for solar simulation and geographical information system (GIS) for spatial dissemination, the proposed methodology deals with the lack of data and allows an accurate investigation of the geographical and technical potential. Applied to the municipality of Laghouat, the results reveal that suitable rooftops areas for PV installations in the examined typologies were approximately between 18 and 35%. Moreover, the deployment of distributed PV systems on residential rooftops provides significant technical potential, which could cover up to 55% of the annual electricity needs. These o... [more]
171. LAPSE:2023.30281
Improvement of Criteria for Assessing the Energy Efficiency of Thermoelectric Refrigerators Used in Supply Chains
April 14, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: Energy Efficiency, indicator, perishable product, power consumption, Supply Chain, thermal transfer coefficient, thermoelectric refrigerator
Refrigerators play an important role in perishable goods supply chains and are expected to operate efficiently. Thermoelectric refrigerators need specific criteria for assessing their energy efficiency. The existing criteria do not take into account the insulation properties of a refrigerator cabinet, which results in a low credibility of the assessment of energy parameters of thermoelectric coolers. The aim of the research was to develop and approve a new universal criterion for assessing the energy efficiency of stationary thermoelectric refrigerators used in supply chains. It was proposed to replace the known criterion of specific power consumption with a new indicator Pk, that takes into account the overall thermal transfer coefficient of the refrigerator cabinet. Based on experimental studies, the approval of the proposed indicator was carried out on the example of a comparative analysis of four thermoelectric refrigerators from different manufacturers. The indicator application r... [more]