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Records with Subject: Process Control
Showing records 129 to 153 of 3434. [First] Page: 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Last
Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) Processing to Reduce 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol Concentration in Palm Oil
Saleh A. Alzahrani, Bassem Jamoussi, Abdullatif A. Neamatallah, Fahed A. Aloufi, Riyadh F. Halawani, Radhouane Chakroun, Cherif Jablaoui
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: 3-MCPD, DIC, oil refined, palm oil, quality preservation, RSM
Deodorization of vegetable oils may introduce potentially carcinogenic, as well as genotoxic contaminants, generating health risks for consumers. However, the deodorization step of the refining process leads to the formation of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD). 3-MCPD has been classified as potentially carcinogenic to humans by the World Health Organization (WHO). The purpose of this study was to optimize recently updated oil treatment techniques using Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) to improve 3-MCPD elimination in edible palm oil. Based on the central composite (CCD-DoE), response surface methodology (RSM) was developed to find the best combination of two variables at five levels to remove 3-MCPD from the palm oil. Samples of palm oil were split into two groups. The first group was treated only by the traditional method, including refining, degumming, deacidification, decolorization, deodorization, dehydration, filtration, and dewaxing processes. The second group was firs... [more]
RNN-LSTM-Based Model Predictive Control for a Corn-to-Sugar Process
Jiaqi Meng, Chengbo Li, Jin Tao, Yi Li, Yi Tong, Yu Wang, Lei Zhang, Yachao Dong, Jian Du
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: corn-to-sugar process, data-driven method, Model Predictive Control, RNN-LSTM
The corn-to-sugar process is difficult to control automatically because of the complex physical and chemical phenomena involved. Because the RNN-LSTN model has been shown to handle long-term time dependencies well, this article focused on the design of a model predictive control system based on this machine learning model. Based on the historical data, we first reduced the input variable dimension through data preprocessing, data dimension reduction, sensitivity analysis, etc., and then the RNN-LSTM model, with these identified key sites as inputs, and the dextrose equivalent value as the output, was constructed. Then, through model predictive control using the locally linearized RNN-LSTM as the predictive model, the objective value of the dextrose equivalent was successfully controlled at the target value by our simulation study, in different situations of setpoint changes and disturbances. This showed the potential of applying RNN-LSTM-Based model predictive control in a corn-to-suga... [more]
Experimental Study on Motion Law of the Fragment at Hypersonic Speed
Jie Hu, Hua Chen, Yonggang Yu, Xiaochun Xue, Zhiwei Feng, Xiaojun Chen
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: experimental study, hypersonic speed fragments, insensitive munitions, motion law, windward area
As a damage element, high-speed fragments have a significant effect on the ammunition safety. The impact from the fragments are also one of the basic problems of ammunition safety tests. To clarify the reaction characteristics of combustion, explosion, detonation, and so on, when hypersonic fragments hit insensitive munitions, it is necessary to carry out corresponding research on the deceleration law of hypersonic fragment in the air. In this paper, a 30 mm caliber gun with large chamber, small caliber, and large aspect ratio is proposed to drive high-speed fragments. According to STANAG 4496 standard, a near-cylinder steel fragment with Brinell hardness HB ≤ 270 and mass of 18.6 g was designed. The test system was composed of zone interception velocity measurement, chamber pressure sensor, trajectory tracking system, high-speed camera, and other equipment were also established to obtain the pressure variations in the chamber, the velocity of the fragment, and its flight orientation.... [more]
Characteristics and Controlling Role in Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Strike-Slip Faults in the Maigaiti Slope
Bin Wang, Changchao Chen, Jiangwei Shang, Ming Lei, Wenhui Zhu, Yang Qu, Di Sun, Chunyan Sun, Li Li
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: active period, hydrocarbon accumulation, Maigaiti Slope, strike-slip fault, Tarim Basin
The Maigaiti Slope is a significant oil-gas-bearing field in the Tarim Basin. Based on 3D and 2D seismic data, systematic interpretation, stage sorting and genetic analysis of strike-slip faults in the Maigaiti Slope were carried out for the first time. The relationship between strike-slip faults and hydrocarbon accumulation was studied in combination with the fine dissection of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The study suggested that: (1) Staging and segmentation characteristics of strike-slip faults are evidently presented in the Maigaiti Slope. According to active periods, strike-slip faults can be divided into early Caledonian period, late Caledonian period, Hercynian period, and Himalayan period. According to plane distribution characteristics, strike-slip faults can be divided into the west Maigaiti Segment, mid-Maigaiti Segment, Madong Segment, and Bachu Segment. The main active periods and plane distribution of strike-slip faults in different sections are remarkably different. This ana... [more]
CNC Turning of an Additively Manufactured Complex Profile Ti6Al4V Component Considering the Effect of Layer Orientations
Abdulmajeed Dabwan, Saqib Anwar, Ali M. Al-Samhan, Khaled N. Alqahtani, Mustafa M. Nasr, Husam Kaid, Wadea Ameen
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: 3D printing, across layer (AL) orientation, CNC machining, electron beam melting (EBM), parallel layer (PL) orientation, surface quality control, Ti6Al4V
Electron beam melting (EBM) is one example of a 3D printing technology that has shown great promise and advantages in the fabrication of medical devices such as dental and orthopedic implants. However, these products require high surface quality control to meet the specifications; thus, post-processing, such as with machining processes, is required to improve surface quality. This paper investigates the influence of two-part orientations of Ti6Al4V EBM parts on the CNC machining (turning) process. The two possible EBM part orientations used in this work are across EBM layers (AL) and parallel to the EBM layer (PL). The effect of the EBM Ti6Al4V part orientations is examined on surface roughness, power consumption, chip morphology, tool flank wear, and surface morphology during the dry turning, while using uncoated carbide tools at different feed rates and cutting speeds. The results showed that the AL orientation had better surface quality control and integrity after machining than PL... [more]
A Review of Automobile Brake-by-Wire Control Technology
Xuehui Hua, Jinbin Zeng, Haoxin Li, Jingkai Huang, Maolin Luo, Xiaoming Feng, Huiyuan Xiong, Weibin Wu
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: brake fault-tolerance technology, brake-by-wire technology, motor brake-control strategy, regenerative-braking technology, wheel cylinder pressure-control strategy
Brake-by-wire (BBW) technology is crucial in driverless cars. The BBW technology, which has a faster reaction time and greater stability, can improve passenger safety in driverless cars. BBW technology refers to the removal of some complicated mechanical and hydraulic components from the traditional braking system in favor of using wires to transmit braking signals, which improves braking performance. Firstly, this paper summarized BBW’s development history as well as its structure, classification, and operating principles. Subsequently, various control strategies of the BBW system were analyzed, and the development trend and research status of the motor brake-control strategy and wheel-cylinder pressure-control strategy in the braking force-distribution strategy were analyzed respectively, and the brake fault-tolerance technology and regenerative-braking technology were also analyzed and summarized. Finally, this paper summarized the various technologies of BBW, taking the electromech... [more]
Review of Research and Development of Hydraulic Synchronous Control System
Ruichuan Li, Wentao Yuan, Xinkai Ding, Jikang Xu, Qiyou Sun, Yisheng Zhang
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: closed loop control, control algorithm, control mode, hydraulic synchronization, synchronization error
Hydraulic synchronous control systems are widely used in various industrial fields. This paper deeply analyzes the research status and development trend of the hydraulic synchronous control system. Firstly, it gives a brief introduction of the research significance control theory and control methods of the hydraulic synchronous control system. Secondly, the hydraulic synchronization control system is classified, the synchronization error is analyzed, and some solutions to synchronization error are given. Then, according to the classification of the hydraulic synchronous control system, relevant research is carried out. In this paper, three control modes (equivalent, master−slave and cross-coupling) and related control algorithms (fuzzy PID control, sliding mode control, robust control, machine learning control, neural network control, etc.) of closed-loop hydraulic synchronous control systems are studied in detail. Finally, the development trend of the hydraulic synchronization control... [more]
Formal Verification of the European Train Control System (ETCS) for Better Energy Efficiency Using a Timed and Asynchronous Model
Andrzej Kochan, Wiktor B. Daszczuk, Waldemar Grabski, Juliusz Karolak
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: asynchronous modeling, Energy Efficiency, energy efficiency of train operation, ETCS system verification, timed integrated model of distributed systems, timed model checking
The ERTMS/ETCS is the newest automatic train protection system. This is a system that supports the driver in driving the train. It is currently being implemented throughout the European Union. This system’s latest specifications also provide additional functions to increase the energy efficiency of train driving in the form of ATO (automatic train operation). These functions of the ETCS will be valuable, provided they operate without failure. To achieve errorless configuration of the ETCS, a methodology for automatic system verification using the IMDS (Integrated Model of Distributed Systems) formalism and the temporal tool Dedan was applied. The main contribution is asynchronous and timed verification, which appropriately models the distributed nature of the ETCS and allows the designer not only to analyze time dependencies but also to define the range of train velocities in which the operational scenario is valid. Additionally, the novelties of the presented verification methodology... [more]
Generator Fault Diagnosis with Bit-Coding Support Vector Regression Algorithm
Whei-Min Lin
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: bit-coding support vector regression (BSVR), generator fault diagnosis (GFD), support vector machine (SVM), support vector regression (SVR)
Generator fault diagnosis has a great impact on power networks. With the coupling effects, some uncertain factors, and all the complexities of generator design, fault diagnosis is difficult using any theoretical analysis or mathematical model. This paper proposes a bit-coding support vector regression (BSVR) algorithm for turbine generator fault diagnosis (GFD) based on a support vector machine (SVM) capable of processing multiple classification problems of fault diagnosis. The BSVR can simplify the design architecture and reduce the processing time for detection, where m classifier is needed for m class problems compared to the [m(m − 1)]/2 size of the original multi-class SVM. Compared with conventional methods, numerical test results showed a high accuracy, good robustness, and a faster processing performance.
Best Practice Data Sharing Guidelines for Wind Turbine Fault Detection Model Evaluation
Sarah Barber, Unai Izagirre, Oscar Serradilla, Jon Olaizola, Ekhi Zugasti, Jose Ignacio Aizpurua, Ali Eftekhari Milani, Frank Sehnke, Yoshiaki Sakagami, Charles Henderson
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: best practice, data sharing, Machine Learning, model evaluation, wind energy
In this paper, a set of best practice data sharing guidelines for wind turbine fault detection model evaluation is developed, which can help practitioners overcome the main challenges of digitalisation. Digitalisation is one of the key drivers for reducing costs and risks over the whole wind energy project life cycle. One of the largest challenges in successfully implementing digitalisation is the lack of data sharing and collaboration between organisations in the sector. In order to overcome this challenge, a new collaboration framework called WeDoWind was developed in recent work. The main innovation of this framework is the way it creates tangible incentives to motivate and empower different types of people from all over the world to share data and knowledge in practice. In this present paper, the challenges related to comparing and evaluating different SCADA-data-based wind turbine fault detection models are investigated by carrying out a new case study, the “WinJi Gearbox Fault De... [more]
Energy Efficiency in Electromagnetic and Electro-Permanent Lifting Systems
Francesca Oliva, Roberto Sebastiano Faranda
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: control system, electro-permanent, electromagnet, Energy Efficiency, lifting, magnetic applications
In industrial settings, mechanical systems for clamping workpieces onto machine tools or for lifting and handling ferrous material are often replaced by magnetic clamping systems. For large lifting applications, the most suitable magnetic clamping systems are electromagnetic (EM) and electro-permanent (EP) approaches. Their configurations, direct and induced poles or direct poles only, need to be discussed in order to choose the most appropriate and economical setup for the specific application. In addition, an evaluation of the difference in the energy efficiency between EM and EP systems, which is often not simple, is presented. To achieve this, a hybrid control system for EM or EP systems was developed and, with the help of this prototype, an analysis of these two magnetic systems was carried out to highlight the main differences. The hybrid control system consists of a single control unit that can be used by both systems, and can be achieved by simply changing the type of lifting m... [more]
Analysis of the Level of Efficiency of Control Methods in the Context of Energy Intensity
Andrzej Pacana, Karolina Czerwińska, Grzegorz Ostasz
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: checkpoint, energy intensity, Industry 4.0
In enterprises, the management of detection methods usually refers to ensuring the identification of nonconformities. This management is incomplete and incompatible with the concept of sustainability (it ignores electricity consumption and costs). To date, no models have been developed to support the analysis of detection methods in terms of the relationship of efficiency−energy consumption. The purpose of the study was to develop proprietary software to analyse the level of efficiency of detection methods for casting products in the context of their energy intensity. The model supports effective management of the quality control process, optimising the relationship of product quality−energy intensity of the process. The model integrally combines detection methods, so it was possible to identify critical product nonconformities and analyse these methods to determine their effectiveness, time efficiency, cost efficiency, and energy intensity. As a result of the implications of the softw... [more]
Survey of Applications of Machine Learning for Fault Detection, Diagnosis and Prediction in Microclimate Control Systems
Nurkamilya Daurenbayeva, Almas Nurlanuly, Lyazzat Atymtayeva, Mateus Mendes
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: fault detection and diagnosis, Machine Learning, microclimate control systems, prediction methods
An appropriate microclimate is one of the most important factors of a healthy and comfortable life. The microclimate of a place is determined by the temperature, humidity and speed of the air. Those factors determine how a person feels thermal comfort and, therefore, they play an essential role in people’s lives. Control of microclimate parameters is a very important topic for buildings, as well as greenhouses, where adequate microclimate is fundamental for best-growing results. Microclimate systems require adequate monitoring and maintenance, for their failure or suboptimal performance can increase energy consumption and have catastrophic results. In recent years, Fault Detection and Diagnosis in microclimate systems have been paid more attention. The main goal of those systems is to effectively detect faults and accurately isolate them to a failing component in the shortest time possible. Sometimes it is even possible to predict and anticipate failures, which allows preventing the fa... [more]
An Online Control Method of Reactive Power and Voltage Based on Mechanism−Data Hybrid Drive Model Considering Source−Load Uncertainty
Xu Huang, Guoqiang Zu, Qi Ding, Ran Wei, Yudong Wang, Wei Wei
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: CNN–GRU, data-mechanical hybrid drive, reactive power optimization, source–load uncertainty
The uncertainty brought about by the high proportion of distributed generations poses great challenges to the operational safety of novel distribution systems. Therefore, this paper proposes an online reactive power and voltage control method that integrates source−load uncertainty and a mechanism−data hybrid drive (MDHD) model. Based on the concept of a mechanism and data hybrid drive, the mechanism-driven deterministic reactive power optimization strategy and the stochastic reactive power optimization strategy are used as training data. By training the data-driven CNN−GRU network model offline, the influence of source−load uncertainty on reactive power optimization can be effectively assessed. On this basis, according to the online source and load predicted data, the proposed hybrid-driven model can be applied to quickly obtain the reactive power optimization strategy to enable fast control of voltage. As observed in the case studies, compared with the traditional deterministic and s... [more]
Optimization of Energy Consumption of Industrial Robots Using Classical PID and MPC Controllers
Rabab Benotsmane, György Kovács
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: classical PID, energy consumption, linear controller, MPC, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, robot arm
Industrial robots have a key role in the concept of Industry 4.0. On the one hand, these systems improve quality and productivity, but on the other hand, they require a huge amount of energy. Energy saving solutions have to be developed and applied to provide sustainable production. The purpose of this research is to develop the optimal control strategy for industrial robots in order to minimize energy consumption. Therefore, a case study was conducted for the development of two control strategies to be applied to the RV-2AJ Mitsubishi robot arm with 5 DOF, where the system is a nonlinear one. The first examined controller is the classical linear proportional integral derivative (PID) controller, while the second one is the linear model predictive control (MPC) controller. In our study, the performances of both the classical PID model and the linear MPC controller were compared. As a result, it was found that the MPC controller in the execution of the three defined reference trajectori... [more]
Control of Operational Modes of an Urban Distribution Grid under Conditions of Uncertainty
Saidjon Shiralievich Tavarov, Alexander Sidorov, Zsolt Čonka, Murodbek Safaraliev, Pavel Matrenin, Mihail Senyuk, Svetlana Beryozkina, Inga Zicmane
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: demand forecasting, domestic consumers, generalized coefficient, load models, normalized load level, varying factors
The article is devoted to solving the problem of managing the mode parameters of an urban electrical network in case of a discrepancy between the actual electrical load and the specific load. Such an issue leads to a deviation of the parameters, in particular, voltage asymmetry in phases due to current asymmetry. To optimize the mode parameters, it is required that the effective value of the electrical load corresponds as much as possible to the values of the specific electrical load. This depends on the following: actual power consumption, external (climatic and meteorological) factors, internal factors (structural design of residential buildings, uneven load when distributed over the phases of three-phase lines and inputs, different number of electrical receivers for consumers), and the provision of consumers with other sources of energy (both gas and heat supply, and hot water supply). To establish the influencing factors on the actual power consumption, it is proposed to generalize... [more]
Research on Online Detection Method of Transformer Winding Deformation Based on VFTO Characteristics
Xinghua Shi, Ran Wei, Wenbin Zhang
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: frequency response method, transformer winding, VFTO characteristics, winding deformation
At present, most of the winding fault detections of transformers use offline methods, which require the entire line to be powered off or after the transformer has been shut down due to a serious fault, and they cannot detect the running status of the windings in real time and online. Since the transformer will be impacted by VFTO during operation, the VFTO is used as the excitation, and the basic principle of the frequency response method is used to propose an online detection method of transformer winding deformation based on VFTO characteristics. The finite element software is used to calculate the equivalent circuit parameters of normal and deformed windings, and the equivalent circuit model of the transformer windings before and after deformation is established. Due to the uncertainty of the VFTO waveform, combined with the frequency response method, the VFTO waveform is injected into the transformer winding health, and the frequency response curve is obtained from the deformed equ... [more]
Review on Self-Decoupling Topology of Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor
Qianwen Xiang, Yu Ou, Zhende Peng, Yukun Sun
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: bearingless switched reluctance motor, magnetic circuit, self-decoupled, suspension force, topology structure, torque
Bearingless switched reluctance motor (BSRM) adopts a doubly salient structure without windings on the rotor. BSRMs have the advantages of high rate of fault tolerance and simple structure, high power, super high speed and strong adaptability. They have broad application prospects in aerospace, flywheel energy storage, new energy and biomedical fields. Firstly, the suspension operation mechanism of a conventional double winding BSRM is described in this paper. The coupling between torque and suspension force is analyzed with a finite element method. On this basis, from the perspective of magnetic circuit optimization of the torque system and suspension system, the magnetic circuit design, decoupling mechanism and performance characteristics of self-decoupled BSRMs with different topological structures are described centering on the self-decoupled topology form of the BSRM. Finally, the study and development of BSRMs in the future are prospected based on the research status.
Study and Analysis of Dynamics and Energy Efficiency of Arc Steelmaking Furnace Electrical Mode with a Fuzzy Control Algorithm
Yaroslav Paranchuk, Daniel Jancarczyk, Pawel Falat
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: arc steelmaking, automatic control, fuzzy systems, regulators
A review of the control laws (models) of alternating current arc steelmaking furnaces’ (ASF) electric modes (EM) is carried out. A phase-symmetric three-component additive fuzzy model of electrode movement control signal formation is proposed. A synthesis of fuzzy inference systems based on the Sugeno model for the implementation of the proposed additive three-component fuzzy law of arc length control is performed. A structural computer Simulink model of the EM control system in a high-power arc steelmaking furnace of the DSP-200 type with an ARDM-T-12 arcs power regulator is created. Computer research into control dynamics indicators under the influence of deterministic perturbations and also integral indicators of energy efficiency when handling stationary random arc lengths fluctuations (corresponding to various technological stages of melting) are carried out. A comparative analysis of dynamics indicators, energy efficiency, and electromagnetic compatibility of the proposed fuzzy a... [more]
A Review of Reinforcement Learning-Based Powertrain Controllers: Effects of Agent Selection for Mixed-Continuity Control and Reward Formulation
Daniel Egan, Qilun Zhu, Robert Prucka
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: powertrain control, reinforcement learning, review
One major cost of improving the automotive fuel economy while simultaneously reducing tailpipe emissions is increased powertrain complexity. This complexity has consequently increased the resources (both time and money) needed to develop such powertrains. Powertrain performance is heavily influenced by the quality of the controller/calibration. Since traditional control development processes are becoming resource-intensive, better alternate methods are worth pursuing. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL), a machine learning technique, has proven capable of creating optimal controllers for complex systems. The model-free nature of RL has the potential to streamline the control development process, possibly reducing the time and money required. This article reviews the impact of choices in two areas on the performance of RL-based powertrain controllers to provide a better awareness of their benefits and consequences. First, we examine how RL algorithm action continuities and control−act... [more]
Computational Analysis of the Automation Strategies of Temperatures of Supplied Air, Chilled and Condensation Water in Commercial Buildings
Javier Diaz-Valdivia, Flávio A. S. Fiorelli
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: commercial building air conditioning, control optimization, Energy Efficiency, integrated strategies
The automation strategies currently used in HVAC systems do not control the system temperature variables (supplied air, chilled, and condensation water temperatures) in an optimized way. Normally, these temperatures are fixed in design conditions, or vary according to the weather conditions. However, studies demonstrate that adequate control of these three temperatures can provide significant reductions in the energy consumption of the air conditioner system. Therefore, this work analyzes the benefits of individualized and integrated automation of these three variable temperatures in different tropical and subtropical weather conditions through computer simulation for a typical commercial building. The results of integrated automation show savings in consumption between 5.03% and 19.68% compared to a fixed control, and between 3.22% and 8.21% compared to a weather-based control alone, showing that the integrated strategies are better than both models adopted as market benchmarks.
Grouped Charging of Decentralised Storage to Efficiently Control Collective Heating Systems: Limitations and Opportunities
Stef Jacobs, Margot De Pauw, Senne Van Minnebruggen, Sara Ghane, Thomas Huybrechts, Peter Hellinckx, Ivan Verhaert
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: collective heating, combined heat distribution, decentralised storage, demand-based control, design impact, DHW, domestic hot water, temperature control
Collective heating systems have multiple end-users with time-varying, often different temperature demands. There are several concepts catering to this, e.g., multi-pipe networks and 2-pipe networks with or without decentralised booster systems. In this study, we focus on 2-pipe networks with a changing supply temperature by smart use of decentralised storage. By grouping high-temperature demands, the average supply temperature can be lowered during large parts of the day, which is beneficial for system efficiency. The actual energy-saving potential, however, can be case-specific and is expected to depend on design choices and implemented control strategies. In this paper, these dependencies are assessed and identified by implementing two optimised rule-based control strategies, providing in such a way a bench-mark for other control strategies. The results show that grouping yields energy savings of up to 36% at similar peak demand as with conventional control strategies. The energy-sav... [more]
Research on Model Predictive Control of a 130 t/h Biomass Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Combustion System Based on Subspace Identification
Heng Wei, Shanjian Liu, Jianjie He, Yinjiao Liu, Guanshuai Zhang
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Biomass, circulating fluidized bed, combustion system, dynamic simulations, Model Predictive Control, subspace identification
The structure of large biomass circulating fluidized bed (BCFB) boilers is complex, and control schemes for coal-fired boilers cannot be simply applied to biomass boilers. Multivariable coupling and operational disturbances are also common issues. In this study, a state space model of a 130 t/h BCFB boiler was established under different operating conditions. Using the 100% operating point as an example, a model predictive controller was designed and tested under output disturbance and input disturbance conditions. The results show that the predictive control system designed in this study has a fast response speed and good stability.
Decision Support for Defining Adaptive Façade Design Goals in the Early Design Phase
Michael P. Voigt, Daniel Roth, Matthias Kreimeyer
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: adaptive façade, comprehensive perspective, decision support, design process, early design phase, methods
Compared to conventional façades, adaptive façades (AFs) can adjust their properties in response to environmental changes and user requirements. Often performed through the integration of actuators, sensors, and control units, this provides benefits such as reduced energy consumption in buildings but also increases the complexity of the façade design. To efficiently deal with the higher complexity, this article aims to provide suitable decision support for the early design phase, identify suitable design goals, and compare these to previously implemented Afs (make-or-buy decision). There is particular focus on the AF-specific characteristics, as these are new compared to well-known conventional façades. To systematically develop decision support, requirements are identified in expert interviews and the literature, and the current state of the art is evaluated against these. Research gaps found in current methods are addressed in this article, and continuous decision support is develope... [more]
Pore Structure Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Tight Reservoirs Controlled by Different Provenance Systems: A Case Study of the Chang 7 Members in Heshui and Xin’anbian of the Ordos Basin
Ling Xiao, Ling Bi, Tao Yi, Yutian Lei, Qinlian Wei
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Ordos Basin, pore structure, pore throat parameter, pore type, tight reservoir
The evaluation of pore structure is critical in understanding reservoir characteristics. This study aims to analyze the microscopic pore structure characteristics of tight reservoirs from various provenances through physical property analysis, casting thin sections, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and constant−rate mercury injection. The pore throat parameters of the Chang 7 reservoir were analyzed and compared to those of the Xin’anbian and the Heshui areas. The results show that intergranular pores dominate the pore type of the Chang 7 reservoir in the Xin’anbian area, followed by feldspathic dissolution pores, with high-necked and tubular throat content caused by weak compaction and dissolution, respectively. On the other hand, feldspar dissolution pores dominate the pore type of the Chang 7 reservoir in the Heshui area, followed by intergranular pores, with a high content of tube−bundle throats caused by dissolution and flake−bent flake throats caused by compaction. The differe... [more]
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