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Records with Subject: Energy Management
Showing records 217 to 241 of 1388. [First] Page: 1 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Last
Adaptive Multicriteria Thresholding for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Smart Grid Networks under Shadowing Effect
Kanabadee Srisomboon, Yutthna Sroulsrun, Wilaiporn Lee
April 19, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: AHP, cooperative spectrum sensing, fusion rule, shadowing, smart grid
Cognitive radio is expected to be implemented in smart grids since it presents high reliability, high accuracy and low transmission time by utilizing licensed bands opportunistically. Shadowing environment affects the performance of channel availability detection of local spectrum sensing since it occurs occasionally. Therefore, the cooperative spectrum sensing is encouraged to be used for addressing shadowing issues. The principle cooperative spectrum sensing techniques suffer from unreliable local information from secondary users (SUs) who are encountered by the shadowing effect. Then, several alternative methods, adaptive majority rule and improved weight algorithm (IMA) is proposed by taking the SUs reliability into account. However, the unreliable SUs are still considered according to the algorithm. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an adaptive multi-criteria thresholding (AMT) to determine the channel availability according to the SUs reliability. The main contribution of AMT... [more]
Spatiotemporal Optimization for Short-Term Solar Forecasting Based on Satellite Imagery
Myeongchan Oh, Chang Ki Kim, Boyoung Kim, Changyeol Yun, Yong-Heack Kang, Hyun-Goo Kim
April 19, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: cloud motion vector (CMV), Optimization, satellite images, solar forecasting, spatial analysis, spatiotemporal
Solar forecasting is essential for optimizing the integration of solar photovoltaic energy into a power grid. This study presents solar forecasting models based on satellite imagery. The cloud motion vector (CMV) model is the most popular satellite-image-based solar forecasting model. However, it assumes constant cloud states, and its accuracy is, thus, influenced by changes in local weather characteristics. To overcome this limitation, satellite images are used to provide spatial data for a new spatiotemporal optimized model for solar forecasting. Four satellite-image-based solar forecasting models (a persistence model, CMV, and two proposed models that use clear-sky index change) are evaluated. The error distributions of the models and their spatial characteristics over the test area are analyzed. All models exhibited different performances according to the forecast horizon and location. Spatiotemporal optimization of the best model is then conducted using best-model maps, and our re... [more]
Sampling Primary Power Standard from DC up to 9 kHz Using Commercial Off-The-Shelf Components
Christian Mester
April 19, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: electrical power, EMPIR, MyRailS, PMU, power quality, power standard, sampling, traceability, uncertainty, WindEFCY
In the framework of the empir projects myrails and windefcy, metas developed a primary standard for electrical power using commercial off-the-shelf components. The only custom part is the software that controls the sampling system and determines the amplitude and phase of the different frequency components of voltage and current. The system operates from dc up to 9 kHz, even with distorted signals. The basic system is limited to 700 V and 21 A. Its power uncertainty is 15 μW/VA at power frequencies and increases to 1.8 mW/VA at 9 kHz. With the extension up to 1000 V and 360 A, the system reaches power uncertainties of 20 μW/VA at power frequencies, increasing to 510 μW/VA at 9 kHz. For higher voltages or higher currents, the same principle is used. However, the uncertainties are dominated by the stability of the sources. The voltage and current channels can also be used independently to calibrate and test power quality instruments. Thanks to a time-stamping system, the system can also... [more]
Multiple-Load Forecasting for Integrated Energy System Based on Copula-DBiLSTM
Jieyun Zheng, Linyao Zhang, Jinpeng Chen, Guilian Wu, Shiyuan Ni, Zhijian Hu, Changhong Weng, Zhi Chen
April 19, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Copula, correlation analysis, deep bidirectional long and short-term memory, integrated energy system, multiple-load forecasting
With the tight coupling of multi-energy systems, accurate multiple-load forecasting will be the primary premise for the optimal operation of integrated energy systems. Therefore, this paper proposes a Copula correlation analysis combined with deep bidirectional long and short-term memory neural network forecasting model. First, Copula correlation analysis is used to conduct correlation analysis on multiple loads and various influencing factors. The influencing factors that have a great correlation with multiple loads were screened out as the input feature set of the model to eliminate the influence of interfering factors. Then, a deep bidirectional long and short-term memory neural network was constructed. Combined with the input feature set screened by the Copula correlation analysis method, the useful information contained in the historical data was more comprehensively learned from the forward and backward directions for training and forecasting. Through the actual calculation examp... [more]
A Data Driven Approach to Robust Event Detection in Smart Grids Based on Random Matrix Theory and Kalman Filtering
Fujia Han, Phillip M. Ashton, Maozhen Li, Ioana Pisica, Gareth Taylor, Barry Rawn, Yi Ding
April 19, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: event detection, Kalman filtering, phasor measurement units (PMUs), random matrix theory (RMT), situational awareness
Increasing levels of complexity, due to growing volumes of renewable generation with an associated influx of power electronics, are placing increased demands on the reliable operation of modern power systems. Consequently, phasor measurement units (PMUs) are being rapidly deployed in order to further enhance situational awareness for power system operators. This paper presents a novel data-driven event detection approach based on random matrix theory (RMT) and Kalman filtering. A dynamic Kalman filtering technique is proposed to condition PMU data. Both simulated and real PMU data from the transmission system of Great Britain (GB) are utilized in order to validate the proposed event detection approach and the results show that the proposed approach is much more robust with regard to event detection when applied in practical situations.
Microgrid Systems: Towards a Technical Performance Assessment Frame
Sophie Marchand, Cristian Monsalve, Thorsten Reimann, Wolfram Heckmann, Jakob Ungerland, Hagen Lauer, Stephan Ruhe, Christoph Krauß
April 19, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: assessment, cybersecurity, distributed energy resources, microgrid, performance metrics, reliability
A microgrid is an independent power system that can be connected to the grid or operated in an islanded mode. This single grid entity is widely used for furthering access to energy and ensuring reliable energy supply. However, if islanded, microgrids do not benefit from the high inertia of the main grid and can be subject to high variations in terms of voltage and frequency, which challenge their stability. In addition, operability and interoperability requirements, standards as well as directives have addressed main concerns regarding a microgrid’s reliability, use of distributed local resources and cybersecurity. Nevertheless, microgrid systems are quickly evolving through digitalization and have a large range of applications. Thus, a consensus over their testing must be further developed with the current technological development. Here, we describe existing technical requirements and assessment criteria for a microgrid’s main functionalities to foster harmonization of functionality-... [more]
Optimization-Based Formulations for Short-Circuit Studies with Inverter-Interfaced Generation in PowerModelsProtection.jl
Arthur K. Barnes, Jose E. Tabarez, Adam Mate, Russell W. Bent
April 19, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: distributed energy resources, distribution network, microgrid, Optimization, power system operation, protection, protective relaying
Protecting inverter-interfaced microgrids is challenging as conventional time-overcurrent protection becomes unusable due to the lack of fault current. There is a great need for novel protective relaying methods that enable the application of protection coordination on microgrids, thereby allowing for microgrids with larger areas and numbers of loads while not compromising reliable power delivery. Tools for modeling and analyzing such microgrids under fault conditions are necessary in order to help design such protective relaying and operate microgrids in a configuration that can be protected, though there is currently a lack of tools applicable to inverter-interfaced microgrids. This paper introduces the concept of applying an optimization problem formulation to the topic of inverter-interfaced microgrid fault modeling, and discusses how it can be employed both for simulating short-circuits and as a set of constraints for optimal microgrid operation to ensure protective device coordin... [more]
Forecasting and Modelling the Uncertainty of Low Voltage Network Demand and the Effect of Renewable Energy Sources
Feras Alasali, Husam Foudeh, Esraa Mousa Ali, Khaled Nusair, William Holderbaum
April 19, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: ANN, ARIMAX (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with explanatory variables), Jordan, load forecasting, LV network, PV system, rolling and point forecast
More and more households are using renewable energy sources, and this will continue as the world moves towards a clean energy future and new patterns in demands for electricity. This creates significant novel challenges for Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) such as volatile net demand behavior and predicting Low Voltage (LV) demand. There is a lack of understanding of modern LV networks’ demand and renewable energy sources behavior. This article starts with an investigation into the unique characteristics of householder demand behavior in Jordan, connected to Photovoltaics (PV) systems. Previous studies have focused mostly on forecasting LV level demand without considering renewable energy sources, disaggregation demand and the weather conditions at the LV level. In this study, we provide detailed LV demand analysis and a variety of forecasting methods in terms of a probabilistic, new optimization learning algorithm called the Golden Ratio Optimization Method (GROM) for an Artifici... [more]
Innovative Energy Management System for MVDC Networks with Black-Start Capabilities
Abdulrahman Alassi, Khaled Ahmed, Agustí Egea-Àlvarez, Omar Ellabban
April 19, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: black-start, collector grids, DC networks, energy management system, grid synchronization, MVDC distribution, power balance, power sharing
Medium voltage DC (MVDC) networks are attracting more attention amid increased renewables penetration. The reliability of these DC systems is critical, especially following grid contingencies to maintain critical loads supply and provide ancillary services, such as black-start. This paper proposes an innovative energy management system (EMS) to maintain reliable MVDC network operation under prolonged AC grid contingencies. Similar EMS designs in literature tend to focus on limited operating modes and fall short of covering comprehensive elongated blackout considerations. The proposed EMS in this paper aims to preserve the distribution network functionality of the impacted MVDC system through maintaining a constant DC bus voltage, maximizing critical load supply duration, and maintaining the MVDC system black-start readiness. These objectives are achieved through controlling generation units between Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and Voltage Regulation (VR) modes, and implementing... [more]
On the Retrial-Queuing Model for Strategic Access and Equilibrium-Joining Strategies of Cognitive Users in Cognitive-Radio Networks with Energy Harvesting
Kalpana Devarajan, Muthukrishnan Senthilkumar
April 19, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: cognitive-radio networks, energy harvesting, retrial queue
This article studies the strategic access of single-server retrial queue with two types of customers, where priority is given according to their category. On the basis of this concept, a cognitive-radio network was developed as retrial queue with energy harvesting. Cognitive radio allows for a secondary user to opportunistically access the idle spectrum of a primary user (PU). Upon arrival of a primary user, the service given to the secondary user by the cognitive radio is interrupted, and the PU band is available for the primary user. After completion of service for the primary user, the PU band is again available to secondary users. Performance metrics are derived to study the equilibrium strategies of secondary users. A Stackelberg game was formulated and Nash equilibrium was derived for the noncooperative strategy of the secondary user. Game-theory concepts are incorporated with queuing theory ideas to obtain the net benefit for the noncooperative strategy and social benefit for co... [more]
Energy Efficiency in Smart Homes and Smart Grids
Anna Fensel, Juan Miguel Gómez Berbís
April 19, 2023 (v1)
Here, we overview the Energies journal special issue that is dedicated to the topic of “Energy Efficiency in Smart Homes and Smart Grids” (https://www [...]
Weather Related Fault Prediction in Minimally Monitored Distribution Networks
Eleni Tsioumpri, Bruce Stephen, Stephen D. J. McArthur
April 19, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: data analytics, distribution network, fault prediction, Machine Learning, weather faults
Power distribution networks are increasingly challenged by ageing plant, environmental extremes and previously unforeseen operational factors. The combination of high loading and weather conditions is responsible for large numbers of recurring faults in legacy plants which have an impact on service quality. Owing to their scale and dispersed nature, it is prohibitively expensive to intensively monitor distribution networks to capture the electrical context these disruptions occur in, making it difficult to forestall recurring faults. In this paper, localised weather data are shown to support fault prediction on distribution networks. Operational data are temporally aligned with meteorological observations to identify recurring fault causes with the potentially complex relation between them learned from historical fault records. Five years of data from a UK Distribution Network Operator is used to demonstrate the approach at both HV and LV distribution network levels with results showin... [more]
The Macroeconomic Results of Diligent Resource Revenues Management: The Norwegian Case
Theodosios Anastasios Perifanis
April 19, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Dutch disease, hydrocarbons, macroeconomic effects, mitigation policies, Norway, oil, resource curse, resource management, resources, revenue management
Many commodity-exporting countries saw their revenues plummet and experienced fiscal deficits during the pandemic. The economic rebound will restore resource exports/revenues and a new round of debate will be initiated on revenues utilization. Countries will decide either to internalize revenues or capitalize them with investments abroad. Our autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models provide evidence of the benefits Norway enjoys since it has not internalized revenues. The currency rate, long-term bond yields, and GDP growth are insulated from prices volatility. Furthermore, the country can absorb currency appreciations/devaluations and long-term credit rate hikes through government expenditure. However, monetary steering is favored in the long term (absorbs yield increases), while in the short run it can allow for speculative activities by credit investors. Countries should not internalize resource revenues to avoid experiencing decreased competitiveness and economic growth and inc... [more]
Delay Causes and Types in Nigerian Power Construction Projects
Usman Ismaila, Wooyong Jung, Chan Young Park
April 19, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: compensable delay, concurrent delay, critical delay, delay cause, delay types, excusable delay
Numerous events cause delays to entire power projects’ completion timelines, leading to loss. This paper focuses on revealing the critical delay causes in Nigerian power projects and identifying the delay types such as excusable delay, compensable delay, critical delay, and concurrent delay from the different perspectives of owner and contractor. Based on the survey of the 84 industrial experts in power distribution and transmission projects in Nigeria, this study provides the mean score and rank of 39 delay causes. Among the causes, 14 are identified as critical in the Nigerian power project. The top three critical delay causes are corruption and bureaucracy in government, inadequate fund/budget allocation, and price fluctuation/inflation. Owner and contractor do not show the difference in classifying the 14 delay causes into excusable and compensable delays. However, there was a difference between owner and contractor in categorizing whether a cause is critical or not and concurrent... [more]
Protection of Future Electricity Systems
Adam Dyśko, Dimitrios Tzelepis
April 19, 2023 (v1)
The electrical energy industry is undergoing dramatic changes; the massive deployment of renewables, an increasing share of DC networks at transmission and distribution levels, and at the same time, a continuing reduction in conventional synchronous generation, all contribute to a situation where a variety of technical and economic challenges emerge [...]
A Novel Protection Strategy for Single Pole-to-Ground Fault in Multi-Terminal DC Distribution Network
Ruixiong Yang, Ke Fang, Jianfu Chen, Yong Chen, Min Liu, Qingxu Meng
April 18, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: current derivative, distribution network, MMC, multi-terminal DC, protection strategy, single pole-to-ground (SPG) fault
The single pole-to-ground (SPG) fault is one of critical failures which will have a serious impact on the stable operation of the multi-terminal DC distribution network based on the modular multilevel converter (MMC). It is very significant to analyze fault characteristics for detecting faults and protection design. This paper established the DC SPG fault model, which showed that in the presence of a reactor, the short-circuit current was reduced from 2.3 kA to 1 kA at 6 ms after the fault. Then, a novel SPG fault protection strategy was proposed, which detected the current derivative in connection transformer grounding branch. When the value increases past the threshold of current derivative, small resistance was switched on to increase fault current. Thus, the reliability of differential protection was enhanced. Compared with the traditional protection method, the proposed method does not need communication, and improved the speed of protection. Finally, the simulation model was esta... [more]
Load Forecasting Based on Genetic Algorithm−Artificial Neural Network-Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems: A Case Study in Iraq
Ahmed Mazin Majid AL-Qaysi, Altug Bozkurt, Yavuz Ates
April 18, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: adaptive neuro-based fuzzy inference system, artificial neural network, electrical load forecasting, genetic algorithms
This study focuses on the important issue of predicting electricity load for efficient energy management. To achieve this goal, different statistical methods were compared, and results over time were analyzed using various ratios and layers for training and testing. This study uses an artificial neural network (ANN) model with advanced prediction techniques such as genetic algorithms (GA) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). This article stands out with a comprehensive compilation of many features and methodologies previously presented in other studies. This study uses a long-term pattern in the prediction process and achieves the lowest relative error values by using hourly divided annual data for testing and training. Data samples were applied to different algorithms, and we examined their effects on load predictions to understand the relationship between various factors and electrical load. This study shows that the ANN−GA model has good accuracy and low error rates f... [more]
Multicriteria Decision-Making Approach for Optimum Site Selection for Off-Grid Solar Photovoltaic Microgrids in Mozambique
José Eduardo Tafula, Constantino Dário Justo, Pedro Moura, Jérôme Mendes, Ana Soares
April 18, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Mozambique, multicriteria decision-making, off-grid microgrid, rural electrification, solar photovoltaics
Given the constraints associated with grid expansion costs, limited access to reliable electricity, and priorities in addressing the climate agenda and Sustainable Development Goals in low-income countries, microgrids and off-grid solar projects represent a viable solution for rural electrification. This type of solution has the advantage of being less expensive than conventional technologies, is rapidly scalable, affordable, environmentally sustainable, and can play a critical role in empowering rural communities. In this context, this study proposed a spatial framework for off-grid solar energy planning based on a Geographical Information System and Boolean logic, Fuzzy logic, and Analytic Hierarchy Process Multicriteria Decision-Making methods. The results of the applied methodology show that the selection of optimal locations for off-grid solar photovoltaic microgrid projects in Mozambique is significantly influenced by the following order of criteria: climatology, orography, techn... [more]
Microgrid Applications and Technical Challenges—The Brazilian Status of Connection Standards and Operational Procedures
José F. C. Castro, Ronaldo A. Roncolatto, Antonio R. Donadon, Vittoria E. M. S. Andrade, Pedro Rosas, Rafael G. Bento, José G. Matos, Fernando A. Assis, Francisco C. R. Coelho, Rodolfo Quadros, João I. Y. Ota, Luiz C. P. Silva, Rafael K. Carneiro
April 18, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: connection and operation of microgrids, microgrids, mini- and microgeneration, normative rules and procedures
One of the challenges faced by Brazilian distribution utilities to enable the connection and operation of microgrids (MGs) is the absence of a solid set of technical standards in the country. An alternative has been to use and adapt existing standards applied to micro- and mini-distributed generation. In this context, this paper presents an analysis of the development status of norms, standards, and general requirements for the connection and operation of microgrids, as well as a proposal for the regulation and structuring of technical and operational requirements related to the implementation of microgrid projects. Some critical points highlighted in the paper include: the modes of operation, the minimum requirements for the different modes of operation, interoperability of systems, a conceptual model with attribution of responsible actors for the decentralized management of microgrids adapted to the institutional standards of the Brazilian sectorial model, a proposal for a standard c... [more]
Wind Forecast at Medium Voltage Distribution Networks
Herbert Amezquita, Pedro M. S. Carvalho, Hugo Morais
April 18, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: extreme gradient boosting (XGBOOST), medium voltage distribution network, secondary substations, short-term forecasting, wind power generation forecast
Due to the intermittent and variable nature of wind, Wind Power Generation Forecast (WPGF) has become an essential task for power system operators who are looking for reliable wind penetration into the electric grid. Since there is a need to forecast wind power generation accurately, the main contribution of this paper is the development, implementation, and comparison of WPGF methods in a framework to be used by distribution system operators (DSOs). The methodology applied comprised five stages: pre-processing, feature selection, forecasting models, post-processing, and validation, using the historical wind power generation data (measured at secondary substations) of 20 wind farms connected to the medium voltage (MV) distribution network in Portugal. After comparing the accuracy of eight different models in terms of their relative root mean square error (RRMSE), extreme gradient boosting (XGBOOST) appeared as the best-suited forecasting method for wind power generation. The best avera... [more]
A Short-Term Load Forecasting Model Based on Crisscross Grey Wolf Optimizer and Dual-Stage Attention Mechanism
Renxi Gong, Xianglong Li
April 18, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: crisscross grey wolf optimizer, dual-stage attention mechanism, short-term load prediction
Accurate short-term load forecasting is of great significance to the safe and stable operation of power systems and the development of the power market. Most existing studies apply deep learning models to make predictions considering only one feature or temporal relationship in load time series. Therefore, to obtain an accurate and reliable prediction result, a hybrid prediction model combining a dual-stage attention mechanism (DA), crisscross grey wolf optimizer (CS-GWO) and bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) is proposed in this paper. DA is introduced on the input side of the model to improve the sensitivity of the model to key features and information at key time points simultaneously. CS-GWO is formed by combining the horizontal and vertical crossover operators, to enhance the global search ability and the diversity of the population of GWO. Meanwhile, BiGRU is optimized by CS-GWO to accelerate the convergence of the model. Finally, a collected load dataset, four evaluation... [more]
Optimal Allocation of PV-STATCOM Devices in Distribution Systems for Energy Losses Minimization and Voltage Profile Improvement via Hunter-Prey-Based Algorithm
Abdullah M. Shaheen, Ragab A. El-Sehiemy, Ahmed Ginidi, Abdallah M. Elsayed, Saad F. Al-Gahtani
April 18, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: allocation of PV-STATCOM devices, distribution systems, energy losses minimization, hunter-prey-based algorithm
Incorporating photovoltaic (PV) inverters in power distribution systems via static synchronous compensators (PV-STATCOM) during the nighttime has lately been described as a solution to improve network performance. Hunter prey optimization (HPO) is introduced in this study for efficient PV-STATCOM device allocation in distribution systems. HPO generates numerous scenarios for how animals could act when hunting, some of which have been expanded into stochastic optimization. The PV-STATCOM device allocation issue in distribution networks is structured to simultaneously minimize the electrical energy losses and improve the voltage profile while accounting for variable 24 h loadings. The impacts of varying the number of installed PV-STATCOM devices are investigated in distribution systems. It is tested on two IEEE 33-node and 69-node distribution networks. The effectiveness of the proposed HPO is demonstrated in comparison to the differential evolution (DE) algorithm, particle swarm optimiz... [more]
Validation of a Holistic System for Operational Analysis and Provision of Ancillary Services in Active Distribution Networks
Theofilos A. Papadopoulos, Kalliopi D. Pippi, Georgios A. Barzegkar-Ntovom, Eleftherios O. Kontis, Angelos I. Nousdilis, Christos L. Athanasiadis, Georgios C. Kryonidis
April 18, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: ancillary services, congestion management, distributed generation, equivalent models, measurement-based analysis techniques, mode estimation, power smoothing, voltage regulation, voltage unbalance
The advent of distributed renewable energy sources (DRESs) has led to the progressive transformation of traditional distribution networks to active components of the power system. This transformation, however, may jeopardize the reliable grid operation due to the advent of new technical problems, such as network overloading, over-/under-voltage events, abnormal frequency deviation and dynamic instability. In this challenging scenery, the installation of a modern measuring infrastructure has created new sources of data and information that facilitate the provision of ancillary services (ASs) via measurement-based analysis. The ACTIVATE (ancillary services in active distribution networks based on monitoring and control techniques) project aims to design innovative AS solutions for power system operators. These solutions aim to tackle the technical issues emerged by the ever-increasing DRES penetration and their volatile nature. In this context, in ACTIVATE, a holistic system is proposed... [more]
Optimal Integration of Hybrid Energy Systems: A Security-Constrained Network Topology Reconfiguration
Saman Nikkhah, Arman Alahyari, Adib Allahham, Khaled Alawasa
April 18, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: energy storage systems, hourly distribution network reconfiguration, line contingency, optimal allocation, security, wind farms
The integration of distributed energy resources, such as wind farms (WFs) and energy storage systems (ESSs), into distribution networks can lower the economic cost of power generation. However, it is essential to consider operational constraints, including loading margin, which ensures the security line contingency. This study aims to develop a comprehensive hourly distribution network reconfiguration (HDNR) model to minimize the economic cost for the power generation company. The model considers the optimal allocation of WFs and ESSs in terms of capacity and location, as well as the hourly status of the distribution network switches, based on security constraints. The proposed model is applied to an IEEE 33-bus distribution test system, and the capacities and locations of WFs and ESSs are determined. The impacts of security constraints on the optimal capacities and locations of WFs and ESSs, and the hourly configuration of the distribution network, are analyzed based on two case studi... [more]
Economic Controls Co-Design of Hybrid Microgrids with Tidal/PV Generation and Lithium-Ion/Flow Battery Storage
Jonathan Cohen, Michael B. Kane, Alexia Marriott, Franklin Ollivierre, Krissy Govertsen
April 18, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: energy storage systems, hybrid microgrids, lithium-ion batteries, Optimization, renewable energy sources, solar energy, tidal energy, vanadium redox flow batteries
Due to the uncontrollable generators, islanded microgrids powered only by renewable energy require costly energy storage systems. Energy storage needs are amplified when load and generation are misaligned on hourly, monthly, or seasonal timescales. Diversification of both loads and generation can smooth out such mismatches. However, the ideal type of battery to smooth out remaining generation deficits will depend on the duration(s) that energy is stored. This study presents a controls co-design approach to design an islanded microgrid, showing the benefit of hybridizing tidal and solar generation and hybridizing lithium-ion and flow battery energy storage. The optimization of the microgrid’s levelized cost of energy is initially studied in grid-search slices to understand convexity and smoothness. Then, a particle swarm optimization is proposed and used to study the sensitivity of the hybrid system configuration to variations in component costs. The study highlights the benefits of con... [more]
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