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Records with Subject: Energy Policy
Showing records 101 to 125 of 1181. [First] Page: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Last
Organic Farming Support Policy in a Sustainable Development Context: A Polish Case Study
Władysława Łuczka, Sławomir Kalinowski, Nadiia Shmygol
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: agricultural policy, financial support, organic farming, Poland, sustainable development
This paper assesses the extent, scope and importance of financial support for Polish organic farming from 2004 to 2019. The analysis focuses particularly on how the changes in the amount and structure of organic farming payments affected farmers’ interest in specific organic crops during three financing periods: the 2004−2006 Rural Development Plan, the 2007−2013 Rural Development Programme (RDP) and the 2014−2020 Rural Development Programme. This paper aims to answer the question of whether and to what extent the organic farming support policy impacted the development trends followed by, and transformation processes affecting, this sector. It follows from this analysis that in the first decade after joining the European Union, Poland implemented a policy of making payments easily available. It was primarily focused on the quantitative growth of organic farming rather than on stimulating supply. As the payments were easily accessible and decoupled from production, subsidy-oriented farm... [more]
Determinants of COVID-19 Impact on the Private Sector: A Multi-Country Analysis Based on Survey Data
Magdalena Olczyk, Marta Ewa Kuc-Czarnecka
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: company’s performance, COVID-19, logistic regression, pandemic
Our paper aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on private sector companies in terms of sales, production, finance and employment. We check whether the country and industry in which companies operate, government financial support and loan access matter to the behaviour and performances of companies during the pandemic. We use a microdata set from a worldwide survey of more than 15,729 companies conducted between April and September 2020 by the World Bank. Logistic regression is used to assess which factors increase the likelihood of businesses suffering due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that COVID-19 negatively impacts the performance of companies in almost all countries analysed, but a stronger effect is observed among firms from developing countries. The pandemic is more harmful to firms providing services than those representing the manufacturing sector. Due to the pandemic, firms suffer mainly in sales and liquidity decrease rather than employment reduction. The i... [more]
European Green Deal and Recovery Plan: Green Jobs, Skills and Wellbeing Economics in Spain
Martín García Vaquero, Antonio Sánchez-Bayón, José Lominchar
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: European Green Deal, green jobs, Labour Economic Policies, Recovery Plan, skills, Wellbeing Economics
This paper on Political Economic and Labour Economic Policies in the European Green Deal framework analyses the Recovery Plan and Resilience Facility. It pays attention to the effects on the design of new green jobs and the necessary skills to develop this type of new positions generated, with higher labour wellbeing. The paper is focused on the analysis of the green jobs’ opportunity for Europe, at a country level, with a specific analysis made for the Spanish case. A systematisation of the concepts and calculations on the issue is made and analysed (attending the international institutions and forums proposals) to harmonise the recovery plans, apply them beyond the energy sector to other related green activities and align the public and private sector, and other critical stakeholders, in achieving this goal. The following research questions were formulated: (1) what is the estimated number of new green jobs that would be created as a consequence of the implementation of the Recovery... [more]
The Impact of Carbon Disclosure on Financial Performance under Low Carbon Constraints
Wenting Lu, Naiping Zhu, Jing Zhang
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: carbon disclosure, financial performance, fortune 500
In the context of low-carbon constrained development, in order to avoid the risk brought by climate change, more and more companies choose to disclose carbon information, respond to the national policy of carbon emission reduction and focus on the sustainable development of enterprises. This paper will investigate the impact of carbon disclosure on financial performance based on the 2011−2018 CDP report, taking the Fortune 500 companies as a sample. The study finds that for carbon-intensive industries, carbon disclosure cannot significantly contribute to the improvement of financial performance in the current period, but for carbon-non-intensive industries, carbon disclosure can significantly contribute to the improvement of financial performance in the current period, and the positive impact of carbon disclosure on financial performance in the current period can be extended to the next period. Finally, based on the findings of the empirical study, this paper puts forward policy recomm... [more]
How Policies Guide and Promoted Wind Power to Market Transactions in China during the 2010s
Shuo Zhang, Li Chen, Yidan Zheng, Yingzi Li, Ying Li, Ming Zeng
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: Chinese policy analysis, Chinese policy effect, Chinese policy recommendation, Chinese wind power policy
Chinese wind power policies have productively promoted the development of wind power and also promoted the process of wind power participation in electricity market transactions. However, with policy emphasis on investment and neglect of utilization, there have been some difficulties in the development of Chinese wind power. To highlight the guiding role of policy and improve the wind power policy system, an analysis of Chinese wind power policies is conducted in this paper. First, aiming at the main components of wind power chain, including wind power construction, grid connection, transmission, and sales, a comprehensive and systematic frame of Chinese wind power policy system is proposed from the three aspects of development planning, administrative management and market transactions. Second, the indicator system of Chinese wind power development effectiveness is extracted, including installed capacity, power generation, power utilization hours, carbon emission reduction, investment... [more]
Balancing Health, Economy and Climate Risk in a Multi-Crisis
Jatin Nathwani, Niels Lind, Ortwin Renn, Hans Joachim Schellnhuber
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: climate risk, economic well-being, energy system emissions, pandemic (COVID-19) health impacts, social cost of carbon emissions
In the presence of a global pandemic (COVID-19), the relentless pressure on global decision-makers is to ensure a balancing of health (reduce mortality impacts), economic goals (income for livelihood sustenance), and environmental sustainability (stabilize GHG emissions long term). The global energy supply system is a dominant contributor to the GHG burden and deeply embedded in the economy with its current share of 85%, use of fossil fuels has remained unchanged over 3 decades. A unique approach is presented to harmonizing the goals of human safety, economic development, and climate risk, respectively, through an operational tool that provides clear guidance to decision-makers in support of policy interventions for decarbonization. Improving climate change performance as an integral part of meeting human development goals allows the achievement of a country’s environmental, social, and economic well-being to be tracked and monitored. A primary contribution of this paper is to allow a... [more]
The Role of Electrofuels under Uncertainties for the Belgian Energy Transition
Xavier Rixhon, Gauthier Limpens, Diederik Coppitters, Hervé Jeanmart, Francesco Contino
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: electrofuels, energy system modelling, energy transition, EnergyScope TD, polynomial chaos expansion, sectors coupling, sensitivity analysis
Wind and solar energies present a time and space disparity that generally leads to a mismatch between the demand and the supply. To harvest their maximum potentials, one of the main challenges is the storage and transport of these energies. This challenge can be tackled by electrofuels, such as hydrogen, methane, and methanol. They offer three main advantages: compatibility with existing distribution networks or technologies of conversion, economical storage solution for high capacity, and ability to couple sectors (i.e., electricity to transport, to heat, or to industry). However, the level of contribution of electric-energy carriers is unknown. To assess their role in the future, we used whole-energy system modelling (EnergyScope Typical Days) to study the case of Belgium in 2050. This model is multi-energy and multi-sector. It optimises the design of the overall system to minimise its costs and emissions. Such a model relies on many parameters (e.g., price of natural gas, efficiency... [more]
How Is Social Acceptance Reflected in National Renewable Energy Plans? Evidence from Three Wind-Rich Countries
Celine Bout, Jay Sterling Gregg, James Haselip, Geraint Ellis
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: energy policy, social acceptance, transition
This article contributes to discussions of the social acceptance of renewable energy (RE) by developing an analytical framework that considers three dimensions (community, market, and political-regulator) at three different scales (macro, meso, and micro). This framework is conceived in order to identify those dynamics that are potentially counterproductive to the energy transition and need further policy emphasis, as well as supporting those that demonstrate a positive impact. Using this framework, we critically reflect on the 2010 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) policies of three European countries with high wind resources: Denmark, Ireland, and the UK. Within the RE policy landscapes of these three countries lies the contentious issue of social acceptance of wind power. The framework analysis reveals similar policy profiles for each country, characterized by a heavy focus on the market dimension at all scales, an effort to allow private business to steer the transition... [more]
Gas Transition: Renewable Hydrogen’s Future in Eastern Australia’s Energy Networks
Nicholas Gurieff, Behdad Moghtaderi, Rahman Daiyan, Rose Amal
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: electricity network, electrolysis, energy networks, Energy Storage, energy transitions, gas network, gas-to-power, green hydrogen, power-to-gas, renewable hydrogen
The energy transition for a net-zero future will require deep decarbonisation that hydrogen is uniquely positioned to facilitate. This technoeconomic study considers renewable hydrogen production, transmission and storage for energy networks using the National Electricity Market (NEM) region of Eastern Australia as a case study. Plausible growth projections are developed to meet domestic demands for gas out to 2040 based on industry commitments and scalable technology deployment. Analysis using the discounted cash flow technique is performed to determine possible levelised cost figures for key processes out to 2050. Variables include geographic limitations, growth rates and capacity factors to minimise abatement costs compared to business-as-usual natural gas forecasts. The study provides an optimistic outlook considering renewable power-to-X opportunities for blending, replacement and gas-to-power to show viable pathways for the gas transition to green hydrogen. Blending is achievable... [more]
Dynamic Analysis of the Similarity of Objects in Research on the Use of Renewable Energy Resources in European Union Countries
Iwona Bąk, Anna Spoz, Magdalena Zioło, Marek Dylewski
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: dynamic classification, environmental policy, European Union, renewable energy sources, trend models
The energy transformation towards renewable energy sources in the conditions of climate change and the accompanying climate risk is a priority for all countries in the world. However, the degree of advancement of activities in this area varies significantly between countries, which is the result of different activities for renewable energy sources in individual countries. The aim of this article is to determine the trends of changes in the area of the use of renewable energy sources in EU countries. The study uses TMD (taxonomic measure of development) methods and dynamic classification, which allowed to distinguish typological groups of objects with similar dynamics of the studied phenomenon. The EU 28 countries were analyzed. Statistics (Eurostat database) are provided for the period 2004−2019. As a result of the research, it was found that the Scandinavian countries and the countries of Western Europe were characterized by the highest stability in terms of the use of renewable energ... [more]
Energy Transitions in Western European Countries: Regulation Comparative Analysis
Federica Cucchiella, Alessia Condemi, Marianna Rotilio, Valeria Annibaldi
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: climate policy, policy implication, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Western Europe
Shifting from fossil to renewable energy sources is a major global challenge, and in this context, the European Union has promoted sustainable and environmentally friendly growth as early as the Maastricht Treaty of 1992. To date, European institutions have promulgated a series of environmental regulations and directives aimed at promoting and imposing adoption by member states of internal regulations. This paper is focused on Western Europe, and it explores, for each state under analysis, energy policies adopted, the results achieved and recommendations for the future growth of renewable energy. The results show that in countries where energy policy is not fragmented, the yield in renewable energies has been higher, and also in the states where more and various forms of subsidies are foreseen, growth seems to be greater. Finally, the paper provides useful recommendations and future policy implications for states that have not met the 2020 targets.
BioLPG for Clean Cooking in Sub-Saharan Africa: Present and Future Feasibility of Technologies, Feedstocks, Enabling Conditions and Financing
Kimball C. Chen, Matthew Leach, Mairi J. Black, Meron Tesfamichael, Francis Kemausuor, Patrick Littlewood, Terry Marker, Onesmus Mwabonje, Yacob Mulugetta, Richard J. Murphy, Rocio Diaz-Chavez, John Hauge, Derek Saleeby, Alex W. Evans, Elisa Puzzolo
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: agricultural waste, biogas, bioLPG, butane, circular economy, clean cooking, Cool LPG, green economy, IH2, LPG, municipal solid waste, propane, renewable feedstocks
Energy supply for clean cooking is a priority for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG, i.e., propane or butane or a mixture of both) is an economically efficient, cooking energy solution used by over 2.5 billion people worldwide and scaled up in numerous low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Investigation of the technical, policy, economic and physical requirements of producing LPG from renewable feedstocks (bioLPG) finds feasibility at scale in Africa. Biogas and syngas from the circular economic repurposing of municipal solid waste and agricultural waste can be used in two groundbreaking new chemical processes (Cool LPG or Integrated Hydropyrolysis and Hydroconversion (IH2)) to selectively produce bioLPG. Evidence about the nature and scale potential of bioLPG presented in this study justifies further investment in the development of bioLPG as a fuel that can make a major contribution toward enabling an SSA green economy and universal energy access. Techno-econ... [more]
Global-Local Heat Demand Development for the Energy Transition Time Frame Up to 2050
Dominik Keiner, Larissa D.S.N.S. Barbosa, Dmitrii Bogdanov, Arman Aghahosseini, Ashish Gulagi, Solomon Oyewo, Michael Child, Siavash Khalili, Christian Breyer
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: Biomass, domestic hot water, energy demand, energy system modeling, energy transition, heat, industrial process heat, profiles, space heating
Globally, the heat sector has a major share in energy consumption and carbon emission footprint. To provide reliable mitigation options for space heating, domestic hot water, industrial process heat and biomass for cooking for the energy transition time frame up to the year 2050, energy system modeling relies on a comprehensive and detailed heat demand database in high spatial resolution, which is not available. This study overcomes this hurdle and provides a global heat demand database for the mentioned heat demand types and in a resolution of 145 mesoscale regions up to the year 2050 based on the current heat demand and detailed elaboration of parameters influencing the future heat demand. Additionally, heat demand profiles for 145 mesoscale regions are provided. This research finds the total global heat demand will increase from about 45,400 TWhth in 2012 up to about 56,600 TWhth in 2050. The efficiency measures in buildings lead to a peak of space heating demand in around 2035, str... [more]
Analysis of the Relationship of the Degree of Aviation Sector Development with Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Measures of Economic Development in the European Union Countries
Piotr Niedzielski, Magdalena Zioło, Jarosław Kozuba, Ewa Kuzionko-Ochrymiuk, Natalia Drop
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: greenhouse gas emissions government, management, policy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, sustainable transport, transport
The rapid growth of aviation over the past fifty years has resulted in numerous negative environmental impacts due to the combustion of fossil fuels in aircraft engines. This paper presents the relationship between air transport and GHG emissions. Based on data on the development of aviation, the level of GHG emissions from transport, environmental tax revenues and the amount of GDP per capita in the countries of the European Union, an attempt was made to create a typification that would illustrate the interaction of GHG emissions with air transport, environmental taxes and GDP in the years 2009−2018. The next step to confirm the obtained results was the application of statistical methods: the TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method of linear ordering and the Perkal index. Based on the study findings, the analyzed countries were divided into three groups: the group of innovators, the stable group and the group of students. The analysis revealed... [more]
Improvements and Spatial Dependencies in Energy Transition Measures
Marta Ewa Kuc-Czarnecka, Magdalena Olczyk, Marek Zinecker
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: composite indicators, energy transition, energy transition index, sensitivity analysis, spatial error model
This article aims to improve one of the newest energy transition measures—the World Economic Forum WEF Energy Transition Index (ETI) and find its driving forces. This paper proposes a new approach to correct the ETI structure, i.e., sensitivity analysis, which allows assessing the accuracy of variable weights. Moreover, the novelty of the paper is the use the spatial error models to estimate determinants of the energy transition on different continents. The results show that ETI is unbalanced and includes many variables of marginal importance for the shape of the final ranking. The variables with the highest weights in ETI did not turn out to be its most important determinants, which means that they differentiate the analysed countries well; nonetheless, they do not have sufficient properties of approximating the values of the ETI components. The most important components of ETI (with the highest information load) belong to the CO2 emissions per capita, the innovative business environm... [more]
Is the European Union Making Progress on Energy Decarbonisation While Moving towards Sustainable Development?
Iwona Bąk, Anna Barwińska-Małajowicz, Grażyna Wolska, Paweł Walawender, Paweł Hydzik
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: climate policy, energy decarbonisation, energy policy, European Green Deal, European Union, reducing CO2 emissions, socio-economic development, sustainable development, taxonomy, trend models
Three-quarters of global greenhouse gas emissions come from burning fossil fuels for energy. To confront climate change, the world must move away from fossil fuels and decarbonise its energy systems. In the light of European Union documents, decarbonisation signifies the elimination of CO2 emissions on account of their harmfulness to the environment. The European Union is planning that by 2030, these emissions will be 40% lower in comparison to 1990. A fundamental query arises here: do the achievements of EU countries give cause for optimism in this regard? The aim of the study is an attempt to determine the tendency of changes concerning energy decarbonisation as well as to distinguish typological groups of bodies (EU countries) with similar dynamics in the researched phenomenon. Trend functions and the distance matrices of the growth rate of the researched phenomenon were used for the dynamic classification. The conducted research confirmed that EU countries indicate spatial differen... [more]
Emission Mitigation and Energy Security Trade-Off: Role of Natural Gas in the Indian Power Sector
Nandini Das, Shyamasree Dasgupta, Joyashree Roy, Oluf Langhelle, Mohsen Assadi
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: Coal, energy security, energy transition, India, Natural Gas, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) aim to increase the share of non-fossil fuel, especially renewables, in power generation. But at the same time, it mentions that coal is likely to dominate the power generation in the short and medium term to meet the increase in demand and support the intermittency of renewable energy-based power generation. Thus, additional efforts to transform the thermal power generation to a more efficient and less emitting one in the near term by increasing the use of natural gas (a fossil fuel with a lower emission factor than coal) may be planned towards achieving India’s additional mitigation commitments. The paper presents the implications of a proposed increase in the share of natural gas in thermal power generation of India by looking into the trade-off between emission mitigation and energy security. Along with a Reference Scenario, three alternative emission scenarios are proposed to understand the likely impacts of increased penetration o... [more]
Eco-Trends in Energy Solutions on Cruise Ships
Joanna Kizielewicz
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: energy consumption, sustainable behaviour, sustainable energy transition
Today the world’s largest cruise ships can take on board more than 6000 passengers and almost 3000 crew members. Managing a significant number of people and all equipment and operations on ships requires the delivery of tens of thousands of kilowatts, which poses a huge challenge for both cruise ship builders and ports supporting these ships as well as for ship owners themselves, as the costs involved represent the largest share in the structure of expenditure in cruise shipping companies. In recent years, various communities and institutions, including the International Maritime Organisation and the European Union, exert pressure on cruise ship owners to use green renewable energy solutions. For these reasons, cruise ship owners are constantly looking for cost-effective and environmentally responsible solutions regarding new energy sources for ships. The aim of this paper is to identify modern solutions applied on cruise ships in the field of energy generation and to indicate benefits... [more]
Policy Impact on Regional Biogas Using a Modular Modeling Tool
Stelios Rozakis, Andrea Bartoli, Jacek Dach, Anna Jędrejek, Alina Kowalczyk-Juśko, Łukasz Mamica, Patrycja Pochwatka, Rafał Pudelko, Kesheng Shu
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: agricultural biogas, manure, mathematical programming, Poland, sorghum
Biogas development is expected to contribute to the National Recovery and Resilience plan to overcome the COVID-19 shock. Estimation of the agricultural biogas potential in economic terms can contribute to refining policies inciting effective sector development. In this paper, we attempt to do so by modeling a biogas chain from dedicated crops and livestock waste. This was achieved by coupling farming models to the biogas industry in a partial equilibrium framework. This allows for a comprehensive investigation of alternative measures in technology, size, spatial distribution and land use change. The integrated model was implemented in Lubelskie for the previous policy (green certificates) and the current policy (auction market). In both cases, the bottom-up profit driven optimization resulted in approximately 40 MWel, which shows a robust economic potential more than four times the biogas sector’s actual capacity in the region, also providing the detailed structure of the sector. When... [more]
What Can Politics Learn from Management Decisions? A Case Study of Germany’s Exit from Nuclear Energy after Fukushima
Florian Follert, Werner Gleißner, Dominik Möst
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: decision-making, energy security, energy transition, Fukushima, green energy reliability, nuclear energy, political economy, risk analysis
The devastating nuclear disaster in Fukushima, Japan, in 2011, which was triggered by a tsunami in the wake of an earthquake, resulted in the decision to quickly phase out nuclear power and with it implicitly accelerated the German Energiewende (energy transition). To the outside observer, the decision appeared to be spontaneous and possibly due to a distorted perception of the associated risks of nuclear power. From the decision results not only the limiting uses of private property by conventional energy providers, but the exit from nuclear energy has also implications for the energy market. As with every human, political actors decide under uncertainty and incomplete information. Based on these parameters, we emphasize that the decision of a political actor is comparable to management decision-making. The paper takes this as an opportunity to examine the political decision to phase-out nuclear energy by discussing relevant parameters from the perspective of decision theory. We plead... [more]
An Assessment of the Energy Poverty and Gender Nexus towards Clean Energy Adoption in Rural South Africa
Omowunmi Mary Longe
April 20, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: energy poverty, energy poverty and gender nexus, firewood, gendered energy poverty (GEP), indoor air pollution, rural South Africa, women and girls
South Africa has about 2.5 million households without electricity access, most of which are located in rural areas and urban informal settlements. The nexus of energy poverty and gender is at play in the affected communities, as women and girls are culturally stereotyped with the task of collecting unclean fuels (e.g., firewood) and using these for their households’ energy demands. Therefore, this study prioritized rural women and girls as respondents in the provinces most affected by gendered energy poverty (GEP) in the country. The study was carried out in selected rural unelectrified areas of Limpopo, Mpumalanga, and KwaZulu-Natal provinces using structured interviews. The study revealed that GEP in the rural areas has exposed women and girls living there to security concerns, health hazards, premature death, domestic fire accidents, time poverty, income poverty, illiteracy, drudgery in households and farm tasks, etc., at different levels of severity. It also showed the effects of p... [more]
Old Wind Farm Life Extension vs. Full Repowering: A Review of Economic Issues and a Stochastic Application for Spain
Luis M. Abadie, Nestor Goicoechea
April 20, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: capacity factor, electricity price, life extension, repower, uncertainty, wind power
The installation of wind power technology is growing steadily and the trend can be expected to continue if the objectives proposed by the European Commission are to be achieved. In some countries a considerable percentage of installed wind power capacity is near the end of its useful lifetime. In the case of Spain, the figure is 50% within five years. Over the last 20 years, wind energy technology has evolved considerably and the expected capacity factor has improved, thus increasing annual energy production, and capital expenditure and operational expenditure have decreased substantially. This paper studies the optimal decision under uncertainty between life extension and full repowering for a generic wind farm installed in the Iberian Peninsula when the future hourly electricity prices and the capacity factor evolve stochastically and seasonally. The results show that in economic terms, full repowering is the best option, with a net present value of €702,093 per MW installed, while r... [more]
Framework for the Introduction of Vehicle-to-Grid Technology into the Polish Electricity Market
Krzysztof Zagrajek, Józef Paska, Łukasz Sosnowski, Konrad Gobosz, Konrad Wróblewski
April 20, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: electric vehicles, electricity market, energy policy, vehicle-to-anything, Vehicle-to-grid
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology is one of the advanced solutions that uses electric vehicles (EV) to balance electricity demand in the power system. It can be particularly useful in analyzing and then mitigating the risk of not delivering electricity to the end user. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the possibility of operation of this technology in the legal framework. The article presents the analysis of the legal status in Poland, referring to the documents of the European Union and domestic legislation. Potential changes in Polish energy law that could facilitate the implementation of V2G technology are also proposed. In addition, the authors suggested the principles for the use of this technology, formulating a mechanism called the V2G Program. Within this Program, the V2G Service was defined and a business model of its implementation by a participant of the V2G Program (uEV) was presented. In addition, an uEV selection algorithm is provided so that the mathematical model of... [more]
Nuclear Power in Poland’s Energy Transition
Janusz Gierszewski, Łukasz Młynarkiewicz, Tomasz R. Nowacki, Jacek Dworzecki
April 20, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: energy law, energy policy, energy security, energy sustainability, levelised cost of electricity, low-carbon energy transition, nuclear law, nuclear policy, nuclear power, total cost model
This article presents an analysis of the future role of nuclear energy in Poland’s path to a low-carbon energy transition. The arguments in favor of implementing nuclear power are to be found on three levels: energy security, economic competitiveness and energy efficiency, and lastly, limited environmental impact. In the process of creating this study, the methodology in the field of security sciences was used, including its interdisciplinary approach. Theoretical methods were used, e.g., critical analysis of scientific sources and comparison of statistical data and empirical methods, e.g., document analysis, comparative analysis. The article is based on an analysis of the literature on the subject, applicable legal acts, and government strategies in the field of energy security. The article contains the results of research no. BS.21.6.13 carried out by a research team from the Pomeranian Academy in Słupsk that allowed to indicate the probable directions of transformation of the energy... [more]
Methodology for Calculating the Energy Security Index of the State: Taking into Account Modern Megatrends
Andriy Stavytskyy, Ganna Kharlamova, Olena Komendant, Jarosław Andrzejczak, Joanna Nakonieczny
April 20, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: clustering, efficiency, energy security, energy security index, Europe, resources
Energy issue stays a top priority for the national security of most countries. Despite numerous international forums, large-scale geoeconomic research, international and national projects, and the development of appropriate strategies, the issue of energy security assessment and understanding of its terminology is not a universal practice. The presented study has an ambitious goal to develop a methodology that can provide an objective picture of the energy sector on an international scale with cross-country comparisons under the influence of modern megatrends. Based on 29 indicators, according to the World Bank data since 1991, the energy security index is calculated for the set of world states with further analysis of the cluster dynamics of their common trends in energy security. The index showed its objectivity and resistance to existing shocks in geoeconomic dynamics. An important feature of the proposed index is the possibility to compare the energy security index with 1. This val... [more]
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