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Records Added in September 2019
Records added in September 2019
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Showing records 1 to 25 of 102. [First] Page: 1 2 3 4 5 Last
Investigating the Dynamic Impact of CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth on Renewable Energy Production: Evidence from FMOLS and DOLS Tests
Muhammad Waris Ali Khan, Shrikant Krupasindhu Panigrahi, Khamis Said Nasser Almuniri, Mujeeb Iqbal Soomro, Nayyar Hussain Mirjat, Eisa Salim Alqaydi
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: carbon emissions, dynamic panel cointegration model, economic growth, Energy, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS), Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Understanding the dynamic nexus between CO2 emissions and economic growth in the sustainable environment helps the economies in developing resources and formulating apposite energy policies. In the recent past, various studies have explored the nexus between CO2 emissions and economic growth. This study, however, investigates the nexus between renewable energy production, CO2 emissions, and economic growth over the period from 1995 to 2016 for seven Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) methodologies were used to estimate the long- and short-run relationships. The panel results revealed that renewable energy production has a significant long term effect on CO2 emissions for Vietnam (t = −2.990), Thailand (t = −2.505), and Indonesia (t = −2.515), and economic growth impact for Malaysia (t = 2.050), Thailand (t = −2.001), and the Philippines (t = −2.710). It is, therefore, vital that... [more]
Accelerating Biomanufacturing by Modeling of Continuous Bioprocessing—Piloting Case Study of Monoclonal Antibody Manufacturing
Martin Kornecki, Axel Schmidt, Lara Lohmann, Maximilian Huter, Fabian Mestmäcker, Leon Klepzig, Mourad Mouellef, Steffen Zobel-Roos, Jochen Strube
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: antibodies, continuous bioprocessing (CBP), model validation, process analytical technology (PAT), quality-by-design (QbD)
An experimental feasibility study on continuous bioprocessing in pilot-scale of 1 L/day cell supernatant, that is, about 150 g/year product (monoclonal antibody) based on CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells for model validation is performed for about six weeks including preparation, start-up, batch, and continuous steady-state operation for at least two weeks stable operation as well as final analysis of purity and yield. A mean product concentration of around 0.4 g/L at cell densities of 25 × 106 cells/mL was achieved. After perfusion cultivation with alternating tangential flow filtration (ATF), an aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) followed by ultra-/diafiltration (UF/DF) towards a final integrated counter-current chromatography (iCCC) purification with an ion exchange (IEX) and a hydrophobic interaction (HIC) column prior to lyophilization were successfully operated. In accordance to prior studies, continuous operation is stable and feasible. Efforts of broadly-qualified operation p... [more]
Economic Viability and Environmental Efficiency Analysis of Hydrogen Production Processes for the Decarbonization of Energy Systems
Li Xu, Ying Wang, Syed Ahsan Ali Shah, Hashim Zameer, Yasir Ahmed Solangi, Gordhan Das Walasai, Zafar Ali Siyal
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: economic viability, environmental efficiency, hydrogen production processes, multi-criteria analysis, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
The widespread penetration of hydrogen in mainstream energy systems requires hydrogen production processes to be economically competent and environmentally efficient. Hydrogen, if produced efficiently, can play a pivotal role in decarbonizing the global energy systems. Therefore, this study develops a framework which evaluates hydrogen production processes and quantifies deficiencies for improvement. The framework integrates slack-based data envelopment analysis (DEA), with fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (FTOPSIS). The proposed framework is applied to prioritize the most efficient and sustainable hydrogen production in Pakistan. Eleven hydrogen production alternatives were analyzed under five criteria, including capital cost, feedstock cost, O&M cost, hydrogen production, and CO2 emission. FAHP obtained the initial weights of criteria while FTOPSIS determined the ultimate weights of criteria for each... [more]
Key Points for an Ethical Evaluation of Healthcare Big Data
Pilar Leon-Sanz
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: big data and life sciences, biomedical ethics, confidentiality, consent forms, data protection, health administration and big data
Background: The article studies specific ethical issues arising from the use of big data in Life Sciences and Healthcare. Methods: Main consensus documents, other studies, and particular cases are analyzed. Results: New concepts that emerged in five key areas for the bioethical debate on big data and health are identified—the accuracy and validity of data and algorithms, questions related to transparency and confidentiality in the use of data; aspects that raise the coding or pseudonymization and the anonymization of data, and also problems derived from the possible individual or group identification; the new ways of obtaining consent for the transfer of personal data; the relationship between big data and the responsibility of professional decision; and the commitment of the Institutions and Public Administrations. Conclusions: Good practices in the management of big data related to Life Sciences and Healthcare depend on respect for the rights of individuals, the improvement that thes... [more]
Change of Data-Driven Drug Design Trends Through Patent Analysis
Jong-Hyun Kim, Yong-Gil Lee
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: D, data science, fourth industrial revolution, innovation, patent, pharmaceutical, R&, technology
The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most research and development (R&D)-intensive industries. This industry has tried many strategies to overcome the limitations of a business model that had a high return and high risk. In recent years, the fourth industrial revolution has affected many industries, causing them to update their traditional production and business strategies to a “data science-based” approach. This data science methodology, based on the largely increased size of the data environment, has actively changed the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, this study aimed to identify specific characteristics of data science innovation in the pharmaceutical industry through the analysis of patent data from the triadic patent databases from the United States, Japan, and Europe.
Flow Behavior and Hot Processing Map of GH4698 for Isothermal Compression Process
Rongchuang Chen, Haifeng Xiao, Min Wang, Jianjun Li
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Subject: Materials
Keywords: arrhenius equation, flow behavior, nickel-based alloy, processing maps
An in-depth understanding of the flow behaviors of materials deformed at high temperatures is of paramount significance. However, insufficient research on the nickel-based GH4698 alloy has resulted in inaccurate material flow prediction or even cracking in the practical billet opening of GH4698 large forgings. In this study, hot compressions were performed at 950−1150 °C and 0.001−3 s−1. Single-peaked strain-stress curves were obtained under various conditions, owing to dislocation motions in dynamic recrystallizations. The Arrhenius model was formulated to accurately describe the flow stress evolutions and the mean prediction error of the flow stress was 5.90%. Processing maps were constructed at various hot working conditions. It was found that the hot working ability of GH4698 markedly decreased under lower temperatures (950−1080 °C) and higher strain rates (0.1−3 s−1). Optimal thermal processing parameters were suggested. In sum, this study systematically investigated the flow beha... [more]
Optimal Nonlinear Adaptive Control for Voltage Source Converters via Memetic Salp Swarm Algorithm: Design and Hardware Implementation
Yueping Jiang, Xue Jin, Hui Wang, Yihao Fu, Weiliang Ge, Bo Yang, Tao Yu
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: hardware experiment, memetic salp swarm algorithm, optimal nonlinear adaptive control, perturbation observer, voltage source converter
Voltage source converter (VSC) has been extensively applied in renewable energy systems which can rapidly regulate the active and reactive power. This paper aims at developing a novel optimal nonlinear adaptive control (ONAC) scheme to control VSC in both rectifier mode and inverter mode. Firstly, the nonlinearities, parameter uncertainties, time-varying external disturbances, and unmodelled dynamics can be aggregated into a perturbation, which is then estimated by an extended state observer (ESO) called high-gain perturbation observer (HGPO) online. Moreover, the estimated perturbation will be fully compensated through state feedback. Besides, the observer gains and controller gains are optimally tuned by a recent emerging biology-based memetic salp swarm algorithm (MSSA), the utilization of such method can ensure a desirably satisfactory control performance. The advantage of ONAC is that even though the operation conditions are constantly changing, the control performance can still b... [more]
Extraction Process of Polyphenols from Soybean (Glycine max L.) Sprouts: Optimization and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity
Xuan Tien Le, Vo Luu Lan Vi, Tran Quoc Toan, Long Giang Bach, Tran Thanh Truc, Pham Thi Hai Ha
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: antioxidant activity, isoflavone, Optimization, soybean sprout, total polyphenol content
This research aimed to optimize the total polyphenol content (TPC) extracted from soybean sprout powder under different experimental parameters, including ethanol concentration (60−100% v/v), extraction temperature (40−80 °C), extraction time (15−150 min), material:solvent ratio (1:4−1:10 g/mL), the number extraction cycles (1, 2 and 3 times), the age of sprout (0−7 days), and the used part of the sprout (cotyledon, hypocotyl, or radicle). The obtained results were used in response surface methodology, in combination with a central composite design, to model the total polyphenol content (TPC) with respect to three variables, including ethanol concentration, extraction temperature, and material:solvent ratio. The experimental conditions for optimal recovery of TPC consisted of ethanol concentration of 88% (v/v), extraction temperature of 59 °C, material:solvent ratio of 1:6.5 g/mL, extraction time of 60 min, and 2 cycles of maceration. In addition, for maximal TPC, the sprout should und... [more]
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Pectin from Malus domestica ‘Fălticeni’ Apple Pomace
Florina Dranca, Mircea Oroian
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: apple pomace, Malus domestica ‘Fălticeni’, Optimization, pectin, ultrasound
The use of an ultrasonic treatment for the extraction of pectin from Malus domestica ‘Fălticeni’ apple pomace, its effects on extraction yield and galacturonic acid content, and degree of esterification of the extracted pectin were investigated. The optimization of the extraction process showed that the highest yield of 9.183% pectin, with a 98.127 g/100 g galacturonic acid content and 83.202% degree of esterification, was obtained at 100% amplitude, pH of 1.8, SLR of 1:10 g/mL, and 30 min. The pectin obtained in optimal extraction conditions was compared to commercial citrus and apple pectin in terms of chemical composition (determined by FT-IR), thermal behaviour (analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry), rheological properties, and morphological structure (analyzed by scanning electron microscopy). By comparison to commercial citrus and apple pectin samples, the FT-IR analysis of pectin extracted by ultrasound treatment confirmed the high degree of esterification and showed si... [more]
Applying a Watershed and Reservoir Model in an Off-Site Reservoir to Establish an Effective Watershed Management Plan
Chi-Feng Chen, Yi-Ru Wu, Jen-Yang Lin
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: eutrophication, off-site reservoir, storm water management model (SWMM), watershed water quality model
Off-site reservoirs use water from other watersheds to supplement their water quantity. Water quality is usually better in off-site reservoirs than in onsite reservoirs, because in comparison to onsite reservoirs, watershed areas are smaller and fewer pollutants are collected; moreover, cleaner water is introduced. However, in Taiwan, the water quality of some off-site reservoirs can gradually worsen, and this factor needs to be addressed. In this study, the Liyutan reservoir in central Taiwan was used as an example to demonstrate the process of evaluating pollution in an off-site reservoir. Pollution loads from point sources (PSs) and nonpoint sources (NPSs) were carefully estimated. Domestic sewage and tourist wastewater were considered the major PS loads in this study. The NPS load evaluation was dependent on the results of a verified watershed model, the stormwater management model (SWMM). The observed data in 2015 and 2016 and supplementary total phosphorous (TP) samplings in upst... [more]
Experimental Study on Precipitation Behavior of Spinels in Stainless Steel-Making Slag under Heating Treatment
Jianli Li, Qiqiang Mou, Qiang Zeng, Yue Yu
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Subject: Materials
Keywords: Cr2O3, crystal size, heating time, spinel, stainless steel slag
The stability of chromium in stainless steel slag has a positive correlation with spinel particle size and a negative correlation with the calcium content of the spinel. The effect of heating time on the precipitation of spinel crystals in the CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-Cr2O3-FeO system was investigated in the laboratory. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive and X-ray diffraction were adopted to observe the microstructure, test the chemical composition, and determine the mineral phases of synthetic slags, and FactSage7.1 was applied to calculate the crystallization process of the molten slag. The results showed that the particle size of the spinel crystals increased from 9.42 to 10.73 μm, the calcium content in the spinel crystals decreased from 1.38 at% to 0.78 at%, and the content of chromium in the spinel crystal increased from 16.55 at% to 22.78 at% with an increase in the heating time from 0 min to 120 min at 1450 °C. Furthermore, the species of spinel minerals remained con... [more]
Numerical and Analytical Investigation of an Unsteady Thin Film Nanofluid Flow over an Angular Surface
Haroon Ur Rasheed, Zeeshan Khan, Ilyas Khan, Dennis Ling Chuan Ching, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: angular surface, nanofluid, numerical and analytical solutions, thin-film flow, unsteady flow
In the present study, we examine three-dimensional thin film flow over an angular rotating disk plane in the presence of nanoparticles. The governing basic equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by using similarity variables. The series solution has been obtained by the homotopy asymptotic method (HAM) for axial velocity, radial velocity, darning flow, induced flow, and temperature and concentration profiles. For the sake of accuracy, the results are also clarified numerically with the help of the BVPh2- midpoint method. The effect of embedded parameters such as the Brownian motion parameter Nb, Schmidt number Sc, thermophoretic parameter and Prandtl number Pr are explored on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. It is observed that with the increase in the unsteadiness factor S, the thickness of the momentum boundary layer increases, while the Sherwood number Sc, with the association of heat flow from sheet to fluid, reduces with the rise in S and r... [more]
Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Contents from Fruits of Docynia indica (Wall.) Decne. Using Response Surface Methodology
Xuan Duy Le, Manh Cuong Nguyen, Dinh Hoang Vu, Minh Quan Pham, Quoc Long Pham, Quang Tung Nguyen, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Van Thinh Pham, Long Giang Bach, Tuong Van Nguyen, Quoc Toan Tran
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: Docynia indica, microwave-assisted extraction, response surface methodology, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content
Docynia indica (D. indica) shows various useful biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial effects, and positive benefits for human health. Such biological activities relate to the main phytochemicals of D. indica including phenolic and flavonoid. However, isolation for phenolic and flavonoid by popular methods such as hot extraction, soxhlet extraction, and ultrasonic extraction have been relatively ineffective. Therefore, in this study, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used for the extraction of total phenolic and total flavonoid from D. indica. The optimization experiments were conducted based on response surface methodology (RMS) according to a central composite design with four independent variables: extraction time (min), ethanol concentration (%, v/v), microwave power (W), and pH of the solvent. Three dependent variables were total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and yield. The optimal conditions for the extraction... [more]
Optimal Allocation of Energy Storage System Considering Price-Based Demand Response and Dynamic Characteristics of VRB in Wind-PV-ES Hybrid Microgrid
Qingwu Gong, Jintao Fang, Hui Qiao, Dong Liu, Si Tan, Haojie Zhang, Haitao He
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: demand response, dynamic characteristics of batteries, improved particle swarm optimization, optimal allocation
Studying the influence of the demand response and dynamic characteristics of the battery energy storage on the configuration and optimal operation of battery energy storage system (BESS) in the Wind-Photovoltaic (PV)-Energy Storage (ES) hybrid microgrid. A demand response model that is based on electricity price elasticity is established based on the time-of-use price. Take the capital-operating cost and direct economic benefit of the BESS and the loss of abandoned photovoltaic and wind power as the optimization objective, an optimal configuration method that considers the dynamic characteristics of the BESS and the maximum absorption of photovoltaic and wind power is proposed while using particle swarm optimization to solve. The results show that the configuration results considering the demand side response of the microgrid BESS can obtain better economy and reduce the storage capacity requirement, and the result shows that the efficiency of BESS relates to the load of the system, th... [more]
The Effect of Extraction Methods on Preliminary Structural Properties and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides from Lactarius vividus
Zhou Xu, Shiling Feng, Jipeng Qu, Ming Yuan, Ruiwu Yang, Lijun Zhou, Tao Chen, Chunbang Ding
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: antioxidant activities, extraction methods, Lactarius vividus, polysaccharides, preliminary structure properties
Four polysaccharides (LVP-u, LVP-m, LVP-e, and LVP-h) were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Lactarius vividus by an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, microwave-assisted extraction method, enzyme-assisted extraction method, and hot water extraction method, respectively. Then, the effect of extraction methods on yields, preliminary structural properties, and antioxidant activities was systematically investigated using the weighing method, chemical composition analysis, high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), radical scavenging, and metal ion chelating assays. Results demonstrated that the four L. vividus polysaccharides (LVPs) were all combined with protein, and the yield of LVP-u was higher than others. Molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide and amino acid compositions, and microstructures among the four LVPs were significan... [more]
Maintenance Optimization Model with Sequential Inspection Based on Real-Time Reliability Evaluation for Long-Term Storage Systems
Senyang Bai, Zhijun Cheng, Bo Guo
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: long-term storage system, preventive maintenance, real-time reliability, sequential inspection, Wiener process
For long-term storage systems such as rockets and missiles, most of the relevant models and algorithms for inspection and maintenance currently focus on analysis based on periodic inspection. However, considering factors such as the complexity of the degradation mechanisms of these systems, the constraints imposed by failure risk, and the uncertainty caused by environmental factors, it is preferable to dynamically determine the inspection intervals based on real-time status information. This paper investigates the issue of maintenance optimization modelling for long-term storage systems based on real-time reliability evaluation. First, the Wiener process is used to establish a performance degradation model for one critical unit of such a system, and a closed-form expression for the real-time reliability distribution is obtained by using the first-hitting-time theory. Second, sequential inspection intervals are dynamically determined by combining the real-time reliability function with... [more]
A Method and Device for Detecting the Number of Magnetic Nanoparticles Based on Weak Magnetic Signal
Li Wang, Tong Zhou, Qunfeng Niu, Yanbo Hui, Zhiwei Hou
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, magnetic nanoparticles, number detection, Simulated Annealing Neural Network, weak magnetic signal
In recent years, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used as a new material in biomedicine and other fields due to their broad versatility, and the quantitative detection method of MNPs is significantly important due to its advantages in immunoassay and single-molecule detection. In this study, a method and device for detecting the number of MNPs based on weak magnetic signal were proposed and machine learning methods were applied to the design of MNPs number detection method and optimization of detection device. Genetic Algorithm was used to optimize the MNPs detection platform and Simulated Annealing Neural Network was used to explore the relationship between different positions of magnetic signals and the number of MNPs so as to obtain the optimal measurement position of MNPs. Finally, Radial Basis Function Neural Network, Simulated Annealing Neural Network, and partial least squares multivariate regression analysis were used to establish the MNPs number detection model,... [more]
Physical Simulation of Molten Steel Homogenization and Slag Entrapment in Argon Blown Ladle
Fu Yang, Yan Jin, Chengyi Zhu, Xiaosen Dong, Peng Lin, Changgui Cheng, Yang Li, Lin Sun, Jianhui Pan, Qiang Cai
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: mixing time, secondary refining, slag entrapment, water model
Argon stirring is one of the most widely used metallurgical methods in the secondary refining process as it is economical and easy, and also an important refining method in clean steel production. Aiming at the issue of poor homogeneity of composition and temperature of a bottom argon blowing ladle molten steel in a Chinese steel mill, a 1:5 water model for 110 t ladle was established, and the mixing time and interface slag entrainment under the different conditions of injection modes, flow rates and top slag thicknesses were investigated. The flow dynamics of argon plume in steel ladle was also discussed. The results show that, as the bottom blowing argon flow rate increases, the mixing time of ladle decreases; the depth of slag entrapment increases with the argon flow rate and slag thickness; the area of slag eyes decreases with the decrease of the argon flow rate and increase of slag thickness. The optimum argon flow rate is between 36−42 m3/h, and the double porous plugs injection... [more]
Evaluation for the Leaching of Cr from Coal Gangue Using Expansive Soils
Yan Zhang, Hassan Baaj, Rong Zhao
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: coal gangue, expansive soil, heavy metal, leaching, unconfined compressive strength
Coal gangue can cause significant heavy metal pollution in mining areas, which would have a negative impact on the environment and human health. The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between expansive soil amount and the leaching behavior of Chromium from coal gangue and the engineering properties of coal gangue used as building materials. The leaching behavior of Chromium from coal gangue was observed using atomic absorption spectrometry. A column leaching experiment was conducted to examine the impact of leaching time and heavy metal concentration. Furthermore, the unconfined compressive strength test was employed to evaluate the engineering properties of coal gangue with expansive soil. The results of the study demonstrate that pH of leachate solutions, leaching time, and expansive soil amounts in mixtures have important influence on Chromium concentration. The leachate solutions, which behave like alkaline, provide a positive environment for adsorbing Cr... [more]
Integrated Component Optimization and Energy Management for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Buses
Xiaodong Liu, Jian Ma, Xuan Zhao, Yixi Zhang, Kai Zhang, Yilin He
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: energy management, model-free adaptive control, NSGA-II, Optimization, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, real-time
The complicated coupling of component design together with energy management has brought a significant challenge to the design, optimization, and control of plug-in hybrid electric buses (PHEBs). This paper proposes an integrated optimization methodology to ensure the optimum performance of a PHEB with a view toward designing and applications. First, a novel co-optimization method is proposed for redesigning the driveline parameters offline, which combines a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) with dynamic programming to eliminate the impact of the coupling between the component design and energy management. Within the new method, the driveline parameters are optimally designed based on a global optimal energy management strategy, and fuel consumption and acceleration time can be respectively reduced by 4.71% and 4.59%. Second, a model-free adaptive control (MFAC) method is employed to realize the online optimal control of energy management on the basis of Pontryagin’s... [more]
Recombinant Proteins for Industrial versus Pharmaceutical Purposes: A Review of Process and Pricing
John Puetz, Florian M. Wurm
September 30, 2019 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: drug preparation, manufactured materials, price, recombinant proteins
Recombinant proteins have been produced for over 30 years. Applications range from enzymes used in laundry detergents to antigen-detecting antibodies in cancer therapy. Despite similarities in manufacturing, drastic differences in retail pricing between recombinant proteins used for industrial (non-medical) versus pharmaceutical purposes exist. Industrial proteins often have a retail price in the tens of dollars per kilogram while recombinant proteins for medical use may cost billions of dollars per kilogram. This manuscript will briefly review manufacturing techniques and contrast the differences between industrial versus pharmaceutical production. Maximizing manufacturing technologies to reduce cost-of-goods (CoG) is desirable. However, the major reason for the very high pricing of pharma protein products does not reflect CoG, but the financial obligations of clinical trials, research and development, patent constraints, marketing, and return on investment.
Thermal Analysis of Nigerian Oil Palm Biomass with Sachet-Water Plastic Wastes for Sustainable Production of Biofuel
Bello Salman, Mei Yin Ong, Saifuddin Nomanbhay, Arshad Adam Salema, Revathy Sankaran, Pau Loke Show
September 23, 2019 (v1)
Subject: Materials
Keywords: activation energy, co-pyrolysis, oil palm empty fruit bunch, physio-thermal analysis, sachet-water plastic waste, TGA-DSC analysis
Nigeria, being the world’s largest importer of diesel-powered gen-sets, is expected to invest in bio-fuels in the future. Hence, it is important to examine the thermal properties and synergy of wastes for potential downstream resource utilization. In this study, thermal conversion as a route to reduce the exploding volume of wastes from sachet-water plastic (SWP) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) biomass was studied. Thermogravimetric (TGA) and subsequent differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used for the analysis. The effect of heating rate at 20 °C min−1 causes the increase of activation energy of the decomposition in the first-stage across all the blends (0.96 and 16.29 kJ mol−1). A similar phenomenon was seen when the heating rate was increased from 10 to 20 °C min−1 in the second-stage of decomposition. Overall, based on this study on the synergistic effects during the process, it can be deduced that co-pyrolysis can be an effective waste for energy platform.
Research on Green Management Effect Evaluation of Power Generation Enterprises in China Based on Dynamic Hesitation and Improved Extreme Learning Machine
Yunfu Qin, Menglu Li, Gejirifu De, Liling Huang, Shenbo Yang, Qinkun Tan, Zhongfu Tan, Fengao Zhou
September 23, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: dynamic hesitation, evaluation index system for power generation enterprises, improved extreme learning machine, intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, low-carbon sustainability and green operation benefits
Carbon emissions and environmental protection issues have become the pressure from the international community during the current transitional stage of China’s energy transformation. China has set a macro carbon emission target, which will reduce carbon emissions per unit of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 40% in 2020 and 60−65% in 2030 than that in 2005. To achieve the emission reduction target, the industrial structure must be adjusted and upgraded. Furthermore, it must start from a high-pollution and high-emission industry. Therefore, it is of practical significance to construct a low-carbon sustainability and green operation benefits of power generation enterprises to save energy and reduce emissions. In this paper, an intuitionistic fuzzy comprehensive analytic hierarchy process based on improved dynamic hesitation degree (D-IFAHP) and an improved extreme learning machine algorithm optimized by RBF kernel function (RELM) are proposed. Firstly, we construct the evaluation indicator... [more]
Temporal Feature Selection for Multi-Step Ahead Reheater Temperature Prediction
Ning Gui, Jieli Lou, Zhifeng Qiu, Weihua Gui
September 23, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: deep neural network, delay order prediction, Genetic Algorithm, reheat steam temperature, temporal feature selection
Accurately predicting the reheater steam temperature over both short and medium time periods is crucial for the efficiency and safety of operations. With regard to the diverse temporal effects of influential factors, the accurate identification of delay orders allows effective temperature predictions for the reheater system. In this paper, a deep neural network (DNN) and a genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimal multi-step temporal feature selection model for reheater temperature is proposed. In the proposed model, DNN is used to establish a steam temperature predictor for future time steps, and GA is used to find the optimal delay orders, while fully considering the balance between modeling accuracy and computational complexity. The experimental results for two ultra-super-critical 1000 MW power plants show that the optimal delay orders calculated using this method achieve high forecasting accuracy and low computational overhead. Moreover, it is argued that the similarities of the two re... [more]
Aqueous and Enzymatic Extraction of Oil and Protein from Almond Cake: A Comparative Study
Thaiza S. P. Souza, Fernanda F. G. Dias, Maria G. B. Koblitz, Juliana M. L. N. de M. Bell
September 23, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: almond cake, aqueous extraction, oil extraction, protein extraction, solubility
The almond cake is a protein- and oil-rich by-product of the mechanical expression of almond oil that has the potential to be used as a source of valuable proteins and lipids for food applications. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the individual and combined effects of solids-to-liquid ratio (SLR), reaction time, and enzyme use on oil and protein extraction yields from almond cake. A central composite rotatable design was employed to maximize the overall extractability and distribution of extracted components among the fractions generated by the aqueous (AEP) and enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction process (EAEP). Simultaneous extraction of oil and protein by the AEP was favored by the use of low SLR (1:12.82) and longer reaction times (2 h), where extraction yields of 48.2% and 70% were achieved, respectively. Increased use of enzyme (0.85%) in the EAEP resulted in higher oil (50%) and protein (75%) extraction yields in a shorter reaction time (1 h), compared with the AEP... [more]
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