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Records Added in March 2019
Records added in March 2019
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Showing records 26 to 37 of 37. [First] Page: 1 2 Last
The Effect of Two Types of Biochars on the Efficacy, Emission, Degradation, and Adsorption of the Fumigant Methyl Isothiocyanate
Wensheng Fang, Aocheng Cao, Dongdong Yan, Dawei Han, Bin Huang, Jun Li, Xiaoman Liu, Meixia Guo, Qiuxia Wang
March 15, 2019 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: Adsorption, biochar, dazomet, degradation, methyl isothiocyanate (MITC)
Biochar (BC) is increasingly applied in agriculture; however, due to its adsorption and degradation properties, biochar may also affect the efficacy of fumigant in amended soil. Our research is intended to study the effects of two types of biochars (BC-1 and BC-2) on the efficacy and emission of methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) in biochar amendment soil. Both types of biochars can significantly reduce MITC emission losses, but, at the same time, decrease the concentration of MITC in the soil. The efficacy of MITC for controlling soil-borne pests (Meloidogyne spp., Fusarium spp. Phytophthora spp., Abutilon theophrasti and Digitaria sanguinalis) was reduced when the biochar (BC-1 and BC-2) was applied at a rate of higher than 1% and 0.5% (on a weight basis) (on a weight basis), respectively. However, increased doses of dazomet (DZ) were able to offset decreases in the efficacy of MITC in soils amended with biochars. Biochars with strong adsorption capacity (such as BC-1) substantially reduce... [more]
A Feedback Passivation Design for DC Microgrid and Its DC/DC Converters
Feifan Ji, Ji Xiang, Wuhua Li, Quanming Yue
March 15, 2019 (v1)
Subject: Other
Keywords: DC microgrid, distributed control, feedback passivation
There are difficulties in analyzing the stability of microgrids since they are located on various network structures. However, considering that the network often consists of passive elements, the passivity theory is applied in this paper to solve the above-mentioned problem. It has been formerly shown that when the network is weakly strictly positive real (WSPR), the DC microgrid is stable if all interfaces between the microgrid and converters are made to be passive, which is called interface passivity. Then, the feedback passivation method is proposed for the controller design of various DC⁻DC converters to achieve the interface passivity. The interface passivity is different from the passivity of closed-loop systems on which the passivity based control (PBC) concentrates. The feedback passivation design is detailed for typical buck converters and boost converters in terms of conditions that the controller parameters should satisfy. The theoretical results are verified by a hardware-i... [more]
A New Dynamic Injection System of Urea-Water Solution for a Vehicular Select Catalyst Reduction System
Long Li, Wei Lin, Youtong Zhang
March 15, 2019 (v1)
Subject: Other
Keywords: dynamic correction, NH3 slip, select catalyst reduction (SCR), urea water solution (UWS)
Since the Euro-ІІІ standard was adopted, the main methods to inhibit NOx production in diesel engines are exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and select catalyst reduction (SCR). On these methods SCR offers great fuel economy, so it has received wide attention. However, there also exists a trade-off law between NOx conversion efficiency and NH₃ slip under dynamic conditions. To inhibit NH₃ slip with high NOx conversion efficiency, a dynamic control method for a urea water solution (UWS) injection was investigated. The variation phenomena of SCR conversion efficiency with respect to the cross-sensitivity characteristics of the NOx sensor to NH₃ have been thoroughly analyzed. The methodology of “uncertain conversion efficiency curve tangent analysis” has been applied to estimate the concentration of the slipped NH₃. The correction factor “φ” of UWS injection is obtained by a comparative calculation of the NOx conversion ability and subsequent NH₃ slip. It also includes methods of flow compen... [more]
Generic Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Model for the Concept Phase of Energy Planning Process
Satya Gopisetty, Peter Treffinger
March 15, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: combined heat and power (CHP), dimensioning, energy planning, micro gas turbine (MGT), parametrization
Micro gas turbines (MGTs) are regarded as combined heat and power (CHP) units which offer high fuel utilization and low emissions. They are applied in decentralized energy generation. To facilitate the planning process of energy systems, namely in the context of the increasing application of optimization techniques, there is a need for easy-to-parametrize component models with sufficient accuracy which allow a fast computation. In this paper, a model is proposed where the non-linear part load characteristics of the MGT are linearized by means of physical insight of the working principles of turbomachinery. Further, it is shown that the model can be parametrized by the data usually available in spec sheets. With this model a uniform description of MGTs from several manufacturers covering an electrical power range from 30 k W to 333 k W can be obtained. The MGT model was implemented by means of Modelica/Dymola. The resulting MGT system model, comprising further heat excha... [more]
Hybrid Off-Grid SPV/WTG Power System for Remote Cellular Base Stations Towards Green and Sustainable Cellular Networks in South Korea
Mohammed H. Alsharif, Jeong Kim
March 15, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: cellular networks, hybrid energy system, operational expenditure, remote sites, South Korea
This paper aims to address the sustainability of power resources and environmental conditions for telecommunication base stations (BSs) at off-grid sites. Accordingly, this study examined the feasibility of using a hybrid solar photovoltaic (SPV)/wind turbine generator (WTG) system to feed the remote Long Term Evolution-macro base stations at off-grid sites of South Korea the energy necessary to minimise both the operational expenditure and greenhouse gas emissions. Three key aspects have been discussed: (i) optimal system architecture; (ii) energy yield analysis; and (iii) economic analysis. In addition, this study compares the feasibility of using a hybrid SPV/WTG system vs. a diesel generator. The simulation results show that by applying the proposed SPV/WTG system scheme to the cellular system, the total operational expenditure can be up to 48.52% more efficient and sustainability can be ensured with better planning by providing cleaner energy.
Correlation Feature Selection and Mutual Information Theory Based Quantitative Research on Meteorological Impact Factors of Module Temperature for Solar Photovoltaic Systems
Yujing Sun, Fei Wang, Bo Wang, Qifang Chen, N.A. Engerer, Zengqiang Mi
March 15, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: correlation-based feature selection (CFS), meteorological impact factor (MIF), mutual information (MI) theory, photovoltaic (PV) module temperature, quantitative influence analysis
The module temperature is the most important parameter influencing the output power of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, aside from solar irradiance. In this paper, we focus on the interdisciplinary research that combines the correlation analysis, mutual information (MI) and heat transfer theory, which aims to figure out the correlative relations between different meteorological impact factors (MIFs) and PV module temperature from both quality and quantitative aspects. The identification and confirmation of primary MIFs of PV module temperature are investigated as the first step of this research from the perspective of physical meaning and mathematical analysis about electrical performance and thermal characteristic of PV modules based on PV effect and heat transfer theory. Furthermore, the quantitative description of the MIFs influence on PV module temperature is mathematically formulated as several indexes using correlation-based feature selection (CFS) and MI theory to explore the sp... [more]
Performance Study on a Single-Screw Expander for a Small-Scale Pressure Recovery System
Guoqiang Li, Yuting Wu, Yeqiang Zhang, Ruiping Zhi, Jingfu Wang, Chongfang Ma
March 15, 2019 (v1)
Subject: Other
Keywords: Natural Gas, pressure energy recovery, single-screw expander
A single-screw expander with 195 mm diameter is developed to recover pressure energy in letdown stations. An experiment system is established using compressed air as a working fluid instead of natural gas. Experiments are conducted via measurements for important parameters, such as inlet and outlet temperature and pressure, volume flow rate and power output. The influence of inlet pressure and rotational speed on the performance are also analyzed. Results indicate that the single-screw expander achieved good output characteristics, in which 2800 rpm is considered the best working speed. The maximum volumetric efficiency, isentropic efficiency, overall efficiency, and the lowest air-consumption are 51.1 kW, 83.5%, 66.4%, 62.2%, and 44.1 kg/(kW·h), respectively. If a single-screw expander is adopted in a pressure energy recovery system applied in a certain domestic natural gas letdown station, the isentropic efficiency of the single-screw expander and overall efficiency of the system are... [more]
Improved Battery Parameter Estimation Method Considering Operating Scenarios for HEV/EV Applications
Jufeng Yang, Bing Xia, Yunlong Shang, Wenxin Huang, Chris Mi
March 15, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: equivalent circuit modeling, lithium-ion battery, operating scenario, parameter estimation
This paper presents an improved battery parameter estimation method based on typical operating scenarios in hybrid electric vehicles and pure electric vehicles. Compared with the conventional estimation methods, the proposed method takes both the constant-current charging and the dynamic driving scenarios into account, and two separate sets of model parameters are estimated through different parts of the pulse-rest test. The model parameters for the constant-charging scenario are estimated from the data in the pulse-charging periods, while the model parameters for the dynamic driving scenario are estimated from the data in the rest periods, and the length of the fitted dataset is determined by the spectrum analysis of the load current. In addition, the unsaturated phenomenon caused by the long-term resistor-capacitor (RC) network is analyzed, and the initial voltage expressions of the RC networks in the fitting functions are improved to ensure a higher model fidelity. Simulation and ex... [more]
Modeling of a Photovoltaic-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Station with Vehicle-to-Grid Implementation
Azhar Ul-Haq, Carlo Cecati, Essam A. Al-Ammar
March 15, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: electric vehicles, power management, PV power, vehicle-to-grid
This paper is aimed at modelling of a distinct smart charging station for electric vehicles (EVs) that is suitable for DC quick EV charging while ensuring minimum stress on the power grid. Operation of the charging station is managed in such a way that it is either supplied by photovoltaic (PV) power or the power grid, and the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is also implemented for improving the stability of the grid during peak load hours. The PV interfaced DC/DC converter and grid interfaced DC/AC bidirectional converter share a DC bus. A smooth transition of one operating mode to another demonstrates the effectiveness of the employed control strategy. Modelling and control of the different components are explained and are implemented in Simulink. Simulations illustrate the feasible behaviour of the charging station under all operating modes in terms of the four-way interaction among PV, EVs and the grid along with V2G operation. Additionally, a business model is discussed with comprehensive a... [more]
Torque Distribution Characteristics of a Novel Double-Stator Permanent Magnet Generator Integrated with a Magnetic Gear
Shehu Salihu Mustafa, Norhisam Misron, Norman Mariun, Mohammad Lutfi Othman, Tsuyoshi Hanamoto
March 15, 2019 (v1)
Subject: Other
Keywords: cogging torque, double-stator magnetic geared machine (DS-MGM), field magnet, finite element method, flux density, harmonic analysis, magnetic gear (MG), permanent-magnet (PM), prime magnet, torque distribution, transmission torque
This paper presents a novel double-stator permanent-magnet machine integrated with a triple rotor magnetic gear structure, which is proposed to address problems of mechanical geared generators for low-speed applications. Torque transmission is based on three rotors consisting of prime permanent-magnet (PM) poles in the middle rotor and field PM poles in the inner and outer rotors. The proposed machine combines the functions of magnetic gearing and electrical power generation. The operating principles of the magnetic gear and generator are discussed and the torque distribution characteristics of the integrated machine are analysed using the 2D finite-element method (2D FEM). Also the power, torque, and speed characteristics are reported. A prototype is fabricated and tested experimentally. The predicted and measured results validate the proposed machine design.
Deep Neural Network Based Demand Side Short Term Load Forecasting
Seunghyoung Ryu, Jaekoo Noh, Hongseok Kim
March 15, 2019 (v1)
Keywords: deep learning, deep neural network, exponential smoothing, pre-training, rectified linear unit (ReLU), restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), short-term load forecasting, smart grid
In the smart grid, one of the most important research areas is load forecasting; it spans from traditional time series analyses to recent machine learning approaches and mostly focuses on forecasting aggregated electricity consumption. However, the importance of demand side energy management, including individual load forecasting, is becoming critical. In this paper, we propose deep neural network (DNN)-based load forecasting models and apply them to a demand side empirical load database. DNNs are trained in two different ways: a pre-training restricted Boltzmann machine and using the rectified linear unit without pre-training. DNN forecasting models are trained by individual customer’s electricity consumption data and regional meteorological elements. To verify the performance of DNNs, forecasting results are compared with a shallow neural network (SNN), a double seasonal Holt⁻Winters (DSHW) model and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). The mean absolute percentage e... [more]
The Effect of Distributed Parameters on Conducted EMI from DC-Fed Motor Drive Systems in Electric Vehicles
Li Zhai, Liwen Lin, Xinyu Zhang, Chao Song
March 15, 2019 (v1)
Subject: Other
Keywords: conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI), DC-fed, distributed parameter, electric vehicle, motor drive system
The large dv/dt and di/dt outputs of power devices in DC-fed motor drive systems in electric vehicles (EVs) always introduce conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions and may lead to motor drive system energy transmission losses. The effect of distributed parameters on conducted EMI from the DC-fed high voltage motor drive systems in EVs is studied. A complete test for conducted EMI from the direct current fed(DC-fed) alternating current (AC) motor drive system in an electric vehicle (EV) under load conditions is set up to measure the conducted EMI of high voltage DC cables and the EMI noise peaks due to resonances in a frequency range of 150 kHz⁻108 MHz. The distributed parameters of the motor can induce bearing currents under low frequency sine wave operation. However the impedance of the distributed parameters of the motor is very high at resonance frequencies of 500 kHz and 30 MHz, and the effect of the bearing current can be ignored, so the research mainly focuses on... [more]
Showing records 26 to 37 of 37. [First] Page: 1 2 Last
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