Biomass, a basic product of agriculture, is one of the main sinks of carbon in global cycle. Additionally, it can be used as a renewable source of energy, leading to depletion in CO2 emissions. The paper presents the results of estimations on the current and potential share of catch crop cultivation in climate change mitigation, in Poland, where the agricultural sector plays a significant economic role. The estimation of CO2 assimilation in biomass was performed on the basis of our own data on yields of commonly used catch crops, obtained in randomly selected 80 farms in Poland, and the content of carbon in the biomass. Calculation of energy potential of the biomass was conducted, assuming its conversion into biogas, on the basis of our own data on catch crop yields and the literature data on their biomethane potentials. The results have shown that catch crops in Poland, which are cultivated to an area of 1.177 mln ha sequestrate 6.85 mln t CO2 yr−1. However, considering the total area... [more]

The effect of supercritical CO2 on the shaly caprocks is one of the critical issues to be considered in CO2 sequestration programs. Shale-scCO2 interactions can alter the seal integrity, leading to environmental problems and bringing into question the effectiveness of the program altogether. Several analytical studies were conducted on samples from Jurassic Eneabba Basal Shale and claystone rich facies of the Triassic Yalgorup Member (725−1417 m) in the Harvey CO2 sequestration site, Western Australia, to address the shale-scCO2 interactions and their effect on the petrophysical properties of the caprock. Shale samples saturated with NaCl brine were exposed to scCO2 under the reservoir condition (T = 60 °C, P = 2000 psi) for nine months and then tested to determine their altered mineralogical, petrophysical and geochemical properties. The experimental study examined changes to the mineralogical composition, capillary threshold pressure, and pore size distribution (PSD) of samples. The... [more]

Shale oil and gas resources contribute significantly to the energy production in the U.S. Greenhouse gas emissions come from combustion of fossil fuels from potential sources of power plants, oil refineries, and flaring or venting of produced gas (primarily methane) in oilfields. Economic utilization of greenhouse gases in shale reservoirs not only increases oil or gas recovery, but also contributes to CO2 sequestration. In this paper, the feasibility and efficiency of gas injection approaches, including huff-n-puff injection and gas flooding in shale oil/gas/condensate reservoirs are discussed based on the results of in-situ pilots, and experimental and simulation studies. In each section, one type of shale reservoir is discussed, with the following aspects covered: (1) Experimental and simulation results for different gas injection approaches; (2) mechanisms of different gas injection approaches; and (3) field pilots for gas injection enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and enhanced gas reco... [more]

Example Aspen Plus chemical process simulations used in the book Exergy Tables: A Comprehensive Set of Exergy Values to Streamline Energy Efficiency Analysis, by Lingyan Deng, Thomas A. Adams II, and Truls Gundersen (McGraw-Hill Education, 2023). The examples are:

1. Medium-pressure steam generation using a natural-gas powered boiler
2. Medium-pressure steam generation using a natural-gas powered boiler with an economizer
3. Medium-pressure steam generation using an off-gas powered boiler
4. Postcombustion CO2 capture using diglycolamine (DGA) with CCS

Note, stream conditions may vary slightly from those in the book when simulated with different versions of the software.

Files are Aspen Plus v12.1, but should be openable on any version 12.1 or later.

We conducted a meta-study of CO2 capture processes, examining nearly 100 techno-economic analyses published in the recent open literature. Normally, it is difficult to compare one study to another because each study uses its own set of assumptions, such as plant scale, geography, market parameters, and inconsistent definitions of key metrics such as the cost of CO2 avoided (CCA). In this work, we present normalized versions of these studies using a consistent basis of comparison, such as net power delivered, base year of operation, pipeline CO2 pressure, currency, country of construction, and so on. In so doing, we are able to draw meaningful conclusions and direct comparisons between different classes of CO2 capture technology. The technologies considered include coal and gas-based processes using capture strategies including solvent-based post-combustion carbon capture, gasification-based strategies, membrane-based approaches, oxyfuel combustion, chemical looping combustion, calcium... [more]

This work is a meta-study of CO2 capture processes for coal and natural gas power generation, including technologies such as post-combustion solvent-based carbon capture, the integrated gasification combined cycle process, oxyfuel combustion, membrane-based carbon capture processes, and solid oxide fuel cells. A literature survey of recent techno-economic studies was conducted, compiling relevant data on costs, efficiencies, and other performance metrics. The data were then converted in a consistent fashion to a common standard (such as a consistent net power output, country of construction, currency, base year of operation, and captured CO2 pressure) such that a meaningful and direct comparison of technologies can be made. The processes were compared against a standard status quo power plant without carbon capture to compute metrics such as cost of CO2 emissions avoided to identify the most promising designs and technologies to use for CO2 emissions abatement.