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Showing records 1 to 25 of 57. [First] Page: 1 2 3 Last
Numerical Modeling of Ammonia-Fueled Protonic-Ion Conducting Electrolyte-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (H-SOFC): A Brief Review
Md. Mosfiqur Rahman, Abdalla M. Abdalla, Lukman Ahmed Omeiza, Veena Raj, Shammya Afroze, Md. Sumon Reza, Mahendra Rao Somalu, Abul K. Azad
February 10, 2024 (v1)
Keywords: ammonia-fueled solid oxide fuel cell, design analysis, Fuel Cells, numerical modeling, physical phenomena, protonic conducting fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cell
Solid oxide fuel cells with protonic ion conducting electrolytes (H-SOFCs) are recognized and anticipated as eco-friendly electrochemical devices fueled with several kinds of fuels. One distinct feature of SOFCs that makes them different from others is fuel flexibility. Ammonia is a colorless gas with a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with a distinct strong smell at room temperature. It is easily dissolved in water and is a great absorbent. Ammonia plays a vital role as a caustic for its alkaline characteristics. Nowadays, ammonia is being used as a hydrogen carrier because it has carbon-free molecules and prosperous physical properties with transportation characteristics, distribution options, and storage capacity. Using ammonia as a fuel in H-SOFCs has the advantage of its ammonia cracking attributes and quality of being easily separated from generated steam. Moreover, toxic NOx gases are not formed in the anode while using ammonia as fuel in H-SOFCs. Recently, various numerical st... [more]
Short Review of Self-Powered Nitrogen Removal via Abiotic Electrochemical Catalysis
Binbin Yu, Wei Xu, Yanxian Jin
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Materials
Keywords: abiotic electrocatalysts, Fuel Cells, nitrogen removal, self-power
Microbial nitrification and denitrification are efficient technologies for the treatment of nitrogen-containing wastewater. However, these biotic technologies are inapplicable for the treatment of toxic substances such as heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, adsorbable organic halogens, and polychlorinated biphenyls, which have an inhibitory effect on microbial metabolism. It is therefore necessary to develop abiotic nitrogen removal technology with comparable cost efficiency. Nitrogen contaminants are promising indirect fuel sources. The integration of electrocatalysis energy conversion with nitrogen contaminants could drive an entire electrochemical system to obtain nitrogen removal in a self-powered fashion. Research advances in the development of fuel cells have corroborated their promising application for nitrogen removal. This work aims to review the most recent advances in the utilization of ammonia and nitrate as fuels for self-powered nitrogen removal and demonstrate how c... [more]
Au Coated Printed Circuit Board Current Collectors Using a Pulse Electroplating Method for Fuel Cell Applications
Sang-Sun Park, Na-Young Shin, Chanmin Lee, Yukwon Jeon, Won Seok Chi, Yong-Gun Shul
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: corrosion, current collector, Fuel Cells, printed circuit board (PCB), pulse electroplating
The effect of the Au coated printed circuit board (PCB) as a current collector on the performance of fuel cells is demonstrated. In this study, optimized pulse electroplating was introduced, which was found to be much more effective compared to the direct current (DC) plating for the PCB fabrication based on the passive area from the potentiodynamic polarization scan. Variable electrochemical parameters such as applied potential and frequency for the pulse electroplating method are controlled. Using the polarization tests, the corrosion behavior of the Au coated PCB layer was also observed. From these basic data, the coating methods and electrochemical parameters were systematically controlled to achieve efficient results for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The stability test for the cell operation indicates that the micro DMFC with the Au coated PCB substrate formed at a frequency of 10 Hz exhibited the highest stability and performance. As a result, the Au coated PCB substrate us... [more]
Review of the Durability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell in Long-Term Operation: Main Influencing Parameters and Testing Protocols
Huu Linh Nguyen, Jeasu Han, Xuan Linh Nguyen, Sangseok Yu, Young-Mo Goo, Duc Dung Le
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: degradation, durability, Fuel Cells, Hydrogen, PEM, test protocol
Durability is the most pressing issue preventing the efficient commercialization of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stationary and transportation applications. A big barrier to overcoming the durability limitations is gaining a better understanding of failure modes for user profiles. In addition, durability test protocols for determining the lifetime of PEMFCs are important factors in the development of the technology. These methods are designed to gather enough data about the cell/stack to understand its efficiency and durability without causing it to fail. They also provide some indication of the cell/stack’s age in terms of changes in performance over time. Based on a study of the literature, the fundamental factors influencing PEMFC long-term durability and the durability test protocols for both PEMFC stationary and transportation applications were discussed and outlined in depth in this review. This brief analysis should provide engineers and researchers with a fast... [more]
Review on the Safe Use of Ammonia Fuel Cells in the Maritime Industry
Michail Cheliotis, Evangelos Boulougouris, Nikoletta L Trivyza, Gerasimos Theotokatos, George Livanos, George Mantalos, Athanasios Stubos, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Alexandros Venetsanos
April 20, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: ammonia, Fuel Cells, power production, safety, shipping, zero-carbon
In April 2018, the International Maritime Organisation adopted an ambitious plan to contribute to the global efforts to reduce the Greenhouse Gas emissions, as set by the Paris Agreement, by targeting a 50% reduction in shipping’s Green House Gas emissions by 2050, benchmarked to 2008 levels. To meet these challenging goals, the maritime industry must introduce environmentally friendly fuels with negligible, or low SOX, NOX and CO2 emissions. Ammonia use in maritime applications is considered promising, due to its high energy density, low flammability, easy storage and low production cost. Moreover, ammonia can be used as fuel in a variety of propulsors such as fuel cells and can be produced from renewable sources. As a result, ammonia can be used as a versatile marine fuel, exploiting the existing infrastructure, and having zero SOX and CO2 emissions. However, there are several challenges to overcome for ammonia to become a compelling fuel towards the decarbonisation of shipping. Such... [more]
Heat Transfer Optimization of NEXA Ballard Low-Temperature PEMFC
Artem Chesalkin, Petr Kacor, Petr Moldrik
April 19, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: CFD modeling, Fuel Cells, heat transfer, Hydrogen, hydrogen hybrid energy system, Optimization, thermography
Hydrogen is one of the modern energy carriers, but its storage and practical use of the newest hydrogen technologies in real operation conditions still is a task of future investigations. This work describes the experimental hydrogen hybrid energy system (HHS). HHS is part of a laboratory off-grid system that stores electricity gained from photovoltaic panels (PVs). This system includes hydrogen production and storage units and NEXA Ballard low-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Fuel cell (FC) loses a significant part of heat during converting chemical energy into electricity. The main purpose of the study was to explore the heat distribution phenomena across the FC NEXA Ballard stack during load with the next heat transfer optimization. The operation of the FC with insufficient cooling can lead to its overheating or even cell destruction. The cause of this undesirable state is studied with the help of infrared thermography and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) mo... [more]
Advances in Solar-Derived Chemical Fuel Systems
Nigel Twi-Yeboah, Dacosta Osei, Michael K. Danquah
April 18, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: chemical fuel cells, clean energy, Fuel Cells, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, solar-derived fuel cells
Fuel cells are essential components of a large portfolio for developing a competitive, secure, and sustainable clean energy economy as they possess the ability to efficiently convert a variety of fuels into electricity. They convert chemical energy from fuels into electricity through chemical reactions with an oxidizing agent. Fuel cells are highly efficient and can produce electricity with very little pollution. They are used in a variety of applications, including powering buildings and vehicles, and as a backup power source. However, the infrastructure for fuel cells is still not fully developed and the cost of fuel cells is currently high, hindering their widespread adoption. This article discusses various advanced fuel cell types with descriptions of their working principles and applications. It provides some insights on the requirements of solar-derived chemical fuel cells as well as some novel materials for the fabrication of solar-derived chemical fuel cells. Discussions on the... [more]
Fuel Cell Products for Sustainable Transportation and Stationary Power Generation: Review on Market Perspective
Vijai Kaarthi Visvanathan, Karthikeyan Palaniswamy, Dineshkumar Ponnaiyan, Mathan Chandran, Thanarajan Kumaresan, Jegathishkumar Ramasamy, Senthilarasu Sundaram
April 18, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: electric vehicles, energy scenario, fuel cell deployment, fuel cell vehicles, Fuel Cells, Hydrogen, hydrogen roadmaps, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, stationary fuel cells
The present day energy supply scenario is unsustainable and the transition towards a more environmentally friendly energy supply system of the future is inevitable. Hydrogen is a potential fuel that is capable of assisting with this transition. Certain technological advancements and design challenges associated with hydrogen generation and fuel cell technologies are discussed in this review. The commercialization of hydrogen-based technologies is closely associated with the development of the fuel cell industry. The evolution of fuel cell electric vehicles and fuel cell-based stationary power generation products in the market are discussed. Furthermore, the opportunities and threats associated with the market diffusion of these products, certain policy implications, and roadmaps of major economies associated with this hydrogen transition are discussed in this review.
Fuel Cells Based on Natural Polysaccharides for Rail Vehicle Application
Paweł Daszkiewicz, Beata Kurc, Marita Pigłowska, Maciej Andrzejewski
April 13, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: exhaust emission, Fuel Cells, hybrid vehicles, Hydrogen
This manuscript shows the use of natural polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose as a carbon source for fuel cells. To achieve this, two innovative methods of obtaining hydrogen have been shown: by adsorption and by enzyme. The carbonization path of the material results in excellent sorption properties and allows gas with high efficiency to be obtained. The enzymatic method for the degradation of the compound is more expensive because specific enzymes (such as laccase, tyrosinase) must be used, but it allows greater control of the properties of the obtained material. A scientific novelty is the use of natural raw materials, the use of which increases the biodegradability of the electrochemical system and also reduces the cost of raw materials and increases the range of their acquisition. Energy should be generated where it is used. Another goal is decentralization, and thanks to the proposed solutions, hydrogen cells represent an innovative alternative to today’s energy giants—als... [more]
Polybenzimidazole-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for High-Temperature Fuel Cells: Current Status and Prospects
Zhengping Zhou, Oksana Zholobko, Xiang-Fa Wu, Ted Aulich, Jivan Thakare, John Hurley
April 12, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: acid doping, Fuel Cells, high-temperature PEMs, nanofibers, polybenzimidazole (PBI), polymer electrolyte membranes, proton conductivity, proton exchange membranes (PEMs)
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) expect a promising future in addressing the major problems associated with production and consumption of renewable energies and meeting the future societal and environmental needs. Design and fabrication of new proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with high proton conductivity and durability is crucial to overcome the drawbacks of the present PEMs. Acid-doped polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) carry high proton conductivity and long-term thermal, chemical, and structural stabilities are recognized as the suited polymeric materials for next-generation PEMs of high-temperature fuel cells in place of Nafion® membranes. This paper aims to review the recent developments in acid-doped PBI-based PEMs for use in PEMFCs. The structures and proton conductivity of a variety of acid-doped PBI-based PEMs are discussed. More recent development in PBI-based electrospun nanofiber PEMs is also considered. The electrochemical performance of PBI-based PEMs in PEMFCs an... [more]
A Modular Simulation Testbed for Energy Management in AC/DC Microgrids
Javier Solano, Diego Jimenez, Adrian Ilinca
March 29, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: droop control, energetic macroscopic representation, energy management, Fuel Cells, Matlab Simulink, microgrids, photovoltaic energy, ultracapacitors, voltage source converters
This paper introduces a modular testbed to simulate AC/DC microgrids. The testbed is implemented in Matlab Simulink and is based on the energetic macroscopic representation (EMR) formalism. It is designed to be a tool to evaluate energy management strategies in AC/DC microgrids. The microgrid simulation model includes a photovoltaic generator, a fuel cell system, ultracapacitors, and batteries on the DC side. It includes voltage source converters (VSC) to couple the DC side with the AC side of the microgrid, which includes a variable AC load and a synchronous generator. Two case studies illustrate the use of the testbed. The model is implemented in Matlab Simulink and made openly available for the scientific community. Using this model, researchers can develop and evaluate energy management strategies in AC/DC microgrids.
CFD Modelling of a Hydrogen/Air PEM Fuel Cell with a Serpentine Gas Distributor
Alessandro d’Adamo, Matteo Riccardi, Massimo Borghi, Stefano Fontanesi
March 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Computational Fluid Dynamics, electrochemistry, Fuel Cells
Hydrogen-fueled fuel cells are considered one of the key strategies to tackle the achievement of fully-sustainable mobility. The transportation sector is paying significant attention to the development and industrialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) to be introduced alongside batteries, reaching the goal of complete de-carbonization. In this paper a multi-phase, multi-component, and non-isothermal 3D-CFD model is presented to simulate the fluid, heat, and charge transport processes developing inside a hydrogen/air PEMFC with a serpentine-type gas distributor. Model results are compared against experimental data in terms of polarization and power density curves, including an improved formulation of exchange current density at the cathode catalyst layer, improving the simulation results’ accuracy in the activation-dominated region. Then, 3D-CFD fields of reactants’ delivery to the active electrochemical surface, reaction rates, temperature distributions, and liquid w... [more]
A Novel Fuel-Cell Electric Articulated Vehicle and Its Drop-and-Pull Transport System
Yanwei Liu, Zhenye Li, Yuzhong Chen, Kegang Zhao
March 27, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: articulated vehicle, drop-and-pull transportation, energy management strategy, Fuel Cells
Drop-and-pull transportation can repeatedly utilize tractors with different trailers and reduce costs, carbon emissions, and the number of tractors to purchase and use. Fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEV) possess high power and long drive endurance. These performance characteristics complement the performance requirements of drop-and-pull transportation of heavy loads and long mileage. This paper proposes a novel fuel-cell electric articulated vehicle featuring three power sources: fuel cell, power battery, and ultracapacitor. Then, based on the proposed vehicle, we expound on a highly efficient and flexible transport system. To compare economics and durability of fuel-cell electric trailers with two energy sources (i.e., fuel-cell-battery) and three energy sources, we developed and simulated a rule-based energy management strategy under driving conditions. The results indicate that, although similar levels of fuel economy and capacity degradation of the fuel cell occur for the proposed... [more]
Design and Experiment of a Power Sharing Control Circuit for Parallel Fuel Cell Modules
Chien-Chang Wu, Tsung-Lin Chen
March 27, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: DC/DC converter, Energy Conversion, Fuel Cells, parallel architectures, power distribution
In this paper, a novel control circuit that can connect fuel cell (FC) modules in parallel is proposed, which is particularly useful when the employed FCs have different electrical characteristics. Conventional methods (e.g., DC/DC converters) are not applicable in such situations because they cannot regulate the power output of each source in a parallel-connected topology. Consequently, the uniformity requirement of FCs increases and becomes costly. In contrast to existing methods, the proposed method adopts a novel power-feedback method to control the power output of each FC module under both rated conditions and load changes, which in turn determines the operating point of each FC module. Therefore, the uniformity requirement can be relaxed. For proof of concept, the experiments employed two FC-like sources with different I−V characteristics. The experimental results indicated that the power assignment under the rated condition had a relative error of < 6.62%. The distribution ra... [more]
Optimal Energy Management in a Standalone Microgrid, with Photovoltaic Generation, Short-Term Storage, and Hydrogen Production
Andreu Cecilia, Javier Carroquino, Vicente Roda, Ramon Costa-Castelló, Félix Barreras
March 23, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: deferrable loads, demand side management, Fuel Cells, Hydrogen, Model Predictive Control, solar photovoltaic energy, standalone renewable energy systems
This paper addresses the energy management of a standalone renewable energy system. The system is configured as a microgrid, including photovoltaic generation, a lead-acid battery as a short term energy storage system, hydrogen production, and several loads. In this microgrid, an energy management strategy has been incorporated that pursues several objectives. On the one hand, it aims to minimize the amount of energy cycled in the battery, in order to reduce the associated losses and battery size. On the other hand, it seeks to take advantage of the long-term surplus energy, producing hydrogen and extracting it from the system, to be used in a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle. A crucial factor in this approach is to accommodate the energy consumption to the energy demand and to achieve this, a model predictive control (MPC) scheme is proposed. In this context, proper models for solar estimation, hydrogen production, and battery energy storage will be presented. Moreover, the controlle... [more]
Cost Optimization of a Stand-Alone Hybrid Energy System with Fuel Cell and PV
Shakti Singh, Prachi Chauhan, Mohd Asim Aftab, Ikbal Ali, S. M. Suhail Hussain, Taha Selim Ustun
March 23, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Optimization
Keywords: ABC-PSO algorithm, Fuel Cells, Hydrogen, IEC 61850, Optimization, sizing
Renewable energy has become very popular in recent years. The amount of renewable generation has increased in both grid-connected and stand-alone systems. This is because it can provide clean energy in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly fashion. Among all varieties, photovoltaic (PV) is the ultimate rising star. Integration of other technologies with solar is enhancing the efficiency and reliability of the system. In this paper a fuel cell−solar photovoltaic (FC-PV)-based hybrid energy system has been proposed to meet the electrical load demand of a small community center in India. The system is developed with PV panels, fuel cell, an electrolyzer and hydrogen storage tank. Detailed mathematical modeling of this system as well as its operation algorithm have been presented. Furthermore, cost optimization has been performed to determine ratings of PV and Hydrogen system components. The objective is to minimize the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of this standalone system... [more]
Developments in Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Abdul Ghani Olabi, Enas Taha Sayed
March 20, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Fuel Cells, power generation, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), residential applications, transportation
The rapid growth in fossil fuels has resulted in climate change that needs to be controlled in the near future. Several methods have been proposed to control climate change, including the development of efficient energy conversion devices. Fuel cells are environmentally friendly energy conversion devices that can be fuelled by green hydrogen, with only water as a by-product, or by using different biofuels such as biomass in wastewater, urea in wastewater, biogas from municipal and agricultural wastes, syngas from agriculture wastes, and waste carbon. This editorial discusses the fundamentals of the operation of the fuel cell, and their application in various sectors such as residential, transportation, and power generation.
The Effect of Salty Environments on the Degradation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Nafion Membranes
Dharmjeet Madhav, Changyuan Shao, Jorben Mus, Frank Buysschaert, Veerle Vandeginste
March 17, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Keywords: degradation, Fenton’s test, Fuel Cells, marine environment, maritime transportation, NaCl concentration, Nafion, PEMFC, temperature
The application of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) in maritime transportation is currently in the spotlight due to stringent emissions regulations and the establishment of a carbon trading system. However, salt in the marine environment can accelerate the degradation of proton-exchange membranes (PEM), which are the core component of PEMFCs. In this study, the effect of the NaCl concentration and temperature on the degradation of Nafion, the benchmark PEMFC membrane, was analyzed ex situ by accelerated degradation using Fenton’s test. The membrane properties were studied by mass change, fluoride ion emission, FTIR spectroscopy, and tensile test. The results showed that the degradation of Nafion membranes increased with the increase in temperature and NaCl concentration. Further studies revealed that Nafion produces C=O bonds during the degradation process. Additionally, it was found that sodium ions replace hydrogen ions in degraded Nafion fragments based on analysis of th... [more]
Catalyst Distribution Optimization Scheme for Effective Green Hydrogen Production from Biogas Reforming
Marcin Pajak, Grzegorz Brus, Janusz S. Szmyd
March 9, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Optimization
Keywords: artificial intelligence methods, biogas reforming, catalyst distribution, Fuel Cells, Genetic Algorithm, green hydrogen production, numerical optimization
Green hydrogen technology has recently gained in popularity due to the current economic and ecological trends that aim to remove the fossil fuels share in the energy mix. Among various alternatives, biogas reforming is an attractive choice for hydrogen production. To meet the authorities’ requirements, reforming biogas-enriched natural gas and sole biogas is tempting. Highly effective process conditions of biogas reforming are yet to be designed. The current state of the art lacks proper optimization of the process conditions. The optimization should aim to allow for maximization of the process effectiveness and limitation of the phenomena having an adverse influence on the process itself. One of the issues that should be addressed in optimization is the uniformity of temperature inside a reactor. Here we show an optimization design study that aims to unify temperature distribution by novel arrangements of catalysts segments in the model biogas reforming reactor. The acquired numerical... [more]
Modified Dragonfly Optimisation for Distributed Energy Mix in Distribution Networks
Pushpendra Singh, Nand Kishor Meena, Jin Yang, Shree Krishna Bishnoi, Eduardo Vega-Fuentes, Chengwei Lou
March 9, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: battery energy storage system, distribution networks, Fuel Cells, Optimization, wind turbines
This article presents a two-stage optimization model aiming to determine optimal energy mix in distribution networks, i.e., battery energy storage, fuel cell, and wind turbines. It aims to alleviate the impact of high renewable penetration on the systems. To solve the proposed complex optimization model, a standard variant of the dragonfly algorithm (DA) has been improved and then applied to find the optimal mix of distributed energy resources. The suggested improvements are validated before their application. A heuristic approach has also been introduced to solve the second stage problem that determines the optimal power dispatch of battery energy storage as per the size suggested by the first stage. The proposed framework was implemented on a benchmark 33-bus and a practical Indian 108-bus distribution network over different test cases. The proposed model for energy mix and modified DA technique has significantly enhanced the operational performance of the network in terms of average... [more]
Sulfonated Polyimide Membranes Derived from a Novel Sulfonated Diamine with Pendant Benzenesulfonic Acid for Fuel Cells
Khurram Liaqat, Srosh Fazil, Wajid Rehman, Shaukat Saeed, Farid Menaa, Syed Asim Hussain Shah, Muhammad Nawaz, Walaa Naji Alharbi, Bouzid Menaa, Muhammad Farooq
March 9, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: BTDA, Fuel Cells, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, sulfonated polyimide membranes
For improving the hydrolytic stability of sulfonated polyimides consisting of five membered anhydrides, novel sulfonated polyimides (NSPIs) were prepared via polymerization of 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), with a novel diamine monomer with a pendant sulfonic acid group and 4,4-oxydianiline. Water uptake of this NSPI with an excellent film-forming ability was almost equal to that of Nafion® 117, while their ion exchange capacity (IEC) was 22% higher than Nafion® 117. The loss in weight decreased by 53% and loss in IEC decreased by 66% compared to that of Nafion® 117; both were used to quantitatively measure hydrolytic stability, and radical oxidative stability also increased by 75% when compared with Nafion® 117. Mechanically, this NSPI was superior, and its proton conductivity was higher than Nafion® 117 at elevated temperatures. All these improvements were due to the introduction of this pendant group. Taken together, we herein report a promising renewable... [more]
Prospects of Integrated Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Systems in a Hydrogen Economy: A Comprehensive Review
Chukwuma Ogbonnaya, Chamil Abeykoon, Adel Nasser, Ali Turan, Cyril Sunday Ume
March 8, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Fuel Cells, hydrogen economy, hydrogen energy, integrated energy system, photovoltaic-fuel cell system, photovoltaics, power generation, solar energy, zero emissions
Integrated photovoltaic-fuel cell (IPVFC) systems, amongst other integrated energy generation methodologies are renewable and clean energy technologies that have received diverse research and development attentions over the last few decades due to their potential applications in a hydrogen economy. This article systematically updates the state-of-the-art of IPVFC systems and provides critical insights into the research and development gaps needed to be filled/addressed to advance these systems towards full commercialization. Design methodologies, renewable energy-based microgrid and off-grid applications, energy management strategies, optimizations and the prospects as self-sustaining power sources were covered. IPVFC systems could play an important role in the upcoming hydrogen economy since they depend on solar hydrogen which has almost zero emissions during operation. Highlighted herein are the advances as well as the technical challenges to be surmounted to realize numerous potenti... [more]
An Efficient Parameter Estimation Algorithm for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Reda Mohamed, Victor Chang
March 7, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: artificial gorilla troops optimizer, Fuel Cells, Modelling, PEMFC
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a favorable renewable energy source to overcome environmental pollution and save electricity. However, the mathematical model of the PEMFC contains some unknown parameters which have to be accurately estimated to build an accurate PEMFC model; this problem is known as the parameter estimation of PEMFC and belongs to the optimization problem. Although this problem belongs to the optimization problem, not all optimization algorithms are suitable to solve it because it is a nonlinear and complex problem. Therefore, in this paper, a new optimization algorithm known as the artificial gorilla troops optimizer (GTO), which simulates the collective intelligence of gorilla troops in nature, is adapted for estimating this problem. However, the GTO is suffering from local optima and low convergence speed problems, so a modification based on replacing its exploitation operator with a new one, relating the exploration and exploitation according to t... [more]
Modeling and Sizing of a Fuel Cell—Lithium-Ion Battery Direct Hybridization System for Aeronautical Application
Thomas Jarry, Fabien Lacressonnière, Amine Jaafar, Christophe Turpin, Marion Scohy
March 6, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: battery storage, Fuel Cells, high-temperature PEMFC, Hydrogen, more electric aircraft, passive hybridization
Nowadays, many aircraft manufacturers are working on new airplanes to reduce the environmental footprint and therefore meet greenhouse gas reduction targets. The concept of more electric aircraft is one of the solutions to achieve this goal. For this aircraft architecture, several electrical devices are used in order to supply propulsive and non-propulsive functions. This paper focuses on the sizing of a direct hybridization system to supply a non-propulsive function in an aircraft. It is composed of a High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC) and a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery. This sizing is based on a static model of each storage device. The accuracy of these models is compared with dynamic models during a simulation for an aeronautical mission. Static models are implemented in a genetic algorithm to achieve two goals: on the one hand, satisfy the mission profile, and on the other hand, minimize the mass of the system. Other criteria, such as battery and fuel ce... [more]
Methanol Reforming Processes for Fuel Cell Applications
Konstantinos Kappis, Joan Papavasiliou, George Avgouropoulos
March 6, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: copper catalysts, Fuel Cells, HT-PEMFCs, hydrogen production, steam reforming of methanol
Hydrogen production through methanol reforming processes has been stimulated over the years due to increasing interest in fuel cell technology and clean energy production. Among different types of methanol reforming, the steam reforming of methanol has attracted great interest as reformate gas stream where high concentration of hydrogen is produced with a negligible amount of carbon monoxide. In this review, recent progress of the main reforming processes of methanol towards hydrogen production is summarized. Different catalytic systems are reviewed for the steam reforming of methanol: mainly copper- and group 8−10-based catalysts, highlighting the catalytic key properties, while the promoting effect of the latter group in copper activity and selectivity is also discussed. The effect of different preparation methods, different promoters/stabilizers, and the formation mechanism is analyzed. Moreover, the integration of methanol steam reforming process and the high temperature−polymer el... [more]
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