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Records with Keyword: Energy Efficiency
Showing records 27 to 51 of 712. [First] Page: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Last
The ESCO Formula as Support for Public and Commercial Energy Projects in Poland
Joanna Kurowska-Pysz, Grzegorz Kunikowski
April 27, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Energy Efficiency, EPC, ESCO, private sector, public sector
The formula of engaging an energy service company (ESCO) in Poland is not a new form of accounting for investments in improving energy efficiency. The results of our survey confirm that many entities still lack sufficient knowledge about this subject. The research problem this paper is concerned with is the conditions of applying the ESCO formula (a model of investment financing with the participation of a specialised company) to support local government units and enterprises in energy-industry project development. For the purpose of this study, the research questions were formulated to analyse of the following issues: the reasons for interest in the ESCO formula and the sources of knowledge about this solution; activities and other factors that can increase or reduce interest in the ESCO formula; services in terms of ESCO formula implementation; the attractiveness of alternative instruments for financing energy industry projects, the benefits of using the ESCO formula and the influenc... [more]
Barriers to and Drivers of Energy Management in Swedish SMEs
Noor Jalo, Ida Johansson, Mariana Andrei, Therese Nehler, Patrik Thollander
April 27, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: barriers, drivers, Energy Efficiency, energy management, industry, SMEs
The energy efficiency gap is known as the difference between optimal level of energy efficiency and the actual level of achieved energy efficiency. Energy management has proven to further close the energy efficiency gap. Energy management may differ depending on whether it concerns a large, energy-intensive company or small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs are of high interest since they form a large share of the economy today. For SMEs, a lighter form of energy management, in the form of energy efficiency network participation, has proven to deliver sound energy efficiency impact, while for larger, energy-intensive firms, a certified energy management system may be more suitable. However, various barriers inhibit adoption of energy efficiency measures. While there is an array of research on barriers to and driving forces for energy efficiency in general, research on barriers to, and driving forces for, energy management is rare, one exception being a study of energy-intensive... [more]
Performance and Energy Trade-Offs for Parallel Applications on Heterogeneous Multi-Processing Systems
A. M. Coutinho Demetrios, Daniele De Sensi, Arthur Francisco Lorenzon, Kyriakos Georgiou, Jose Nunez-Yanez, Kerstin Eder, Samuel Xavier-de-Souza
April 25, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Energy Efficiency, heterogeneous multi-processing, Pareto frontier, power model
This work proposes a methodology to find performance and energy trade-offs for parallel applications running on Heterogeneous Multi-Processing systems with a single instruction-set architecture. These offer flexibility in the form of different core types and voltage and frequency pairings, defining a vast design space to explore. Therefore, for a given application, choosing a configuration that optimizes the performance and energy consumption is not straightforward. Our method proposes novel analytical models for performance and power consumption whose parameters can be fitted using only a few strategically sampled offline measurements. These models are then used to estimate an application’s performance and energy consumption for the whole configuration space. In turn, these offline predictions define the choice of estimated Pareto-optimal configurations of the model, which are used to inform the selection of the configuration that the application should be executed on. The methodology... [more]
A Review on Energy Efficiency in Three Transportation Sectors: Railways, Electrical Vehicles and Marine
Morris Brenna, Vittorio Bucci, Maria Carmen Falvo, Federica Foiadelli, Alessandro Ruvio, Giorgio Sulligoi, Andrea Vicenzutti
April 25, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: electrical transport, electrical vehicle, Energy Efficiency, marine transport, railway
The present paper is a review on efficiency issues related to three important sectors of the transportation systems: railways, electrical vehicles, and marine. For the three sectors, the authors, in reference of their knowledge and research area, show the results of a wide literature analysis, in order to highlight which are the measures, in terms of technological solutions and management techniques, which are recently investigated and implemented, for improving the three transportation systems, from the point of view of efficiency. In particular, for the railway transportation sector, a wide analysis is presented, detecting which are the main measures adopted for improving the efficiency, related to the power systems for supplying trains and to the train traffic control, with a focus on the storage system integration. For electric road vehicles the analysis is focused on the plug-in electrical vehicles and on the infrastructure for their recharge, with an emphasis on how these vehicle... [more]
Energy Use and Economic Analysis of Fertilizer Use in Wheat and Sugar Beet Production in Serbia
Aleksandra Dimitrijević, Marija Gavrilović, Sanjin Ivanović, Zoran Mileusnić, Rajko Miodragović, Saša Todorović
April 25, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: benefit-to-cost ratio, Energy Efficiency, sensitivity analysis, sugar beet, wheat
Increased demand for food production, influenced by the constant growth of population, resulted in the agricultural production systems that are more energy and economy intensive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the energetic and economic efficiency of sugar beet and wheat production. Attention was given to the fertilizer usage and its share in energy consumption since it can amount to 50%. Data show that energy input in wheat production was 5.84 MJ·kg−1 and in sugar beet it was 0.93 MJ·kg−1. The highest share of energy input both in wheat and sugar beet was observed for fertilizers, 52.45% and 46.70%, respectively. Economic analysis has shown that wheat production is a low profitable production with a net return of only 20.69 USD·ha−1, in comparison with sugar beet production with a net return of 513.53 USD·ha−1. Costs related to the fertilizer use prevailed in total variable and total production costs. Economic analysis has also shown that the benefit-to-cost ratio was higher in... [more]
A Smart Hybrid Energy System Grid for Energy Efficiency in Remote Areas for the Army
Umberto Berardi, Elisa Tomassoni, Khaled Khaled
April 25, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Energy Efficiency, hybrid energy system, microgrid, military applications, remote areas, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
The current energy inefficiencies in relocatable temporary camps of the Armed Force troops create logistic challenges associated with fuel supply. The energy needs of these camps are primarily satisfied by diesel engine generators, which imply that a significant amount of fuel needs to be continuously provided to these camps, often built in remote areas. This paper presents an alternative solution, named Smart Hybrid Energy System (SHES), aiming towards significantly reducing the amount of fuel needed and minimizing transportation logistics while meeting camp energy demands. The SHES combines the existing diesel generators with solar power generation, energy storage, and waste heat recovery technologies, all connected to a microgrid, ensuring uninterrupted electricity and hot water supplies. All components are controlled by an energy management system that prioritizes output and switches between different power generators, ensuring operation at optimum efficiencies. The SHES components... [more]
On the Use of Base Temperature by Heat Cost Allocation in Buildings
Paweł Michnikowski, Tomasz Cholewa
April 25, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Energy Efficiency, heat allocation, heat cost allocator, heat metering, heating costs, multi-family buildings, residential sector
Heat cost allocators (HCAs) have a high market share in existing buildings, which may cause problems, especially with variable heat cost allocation due to wrong readings from HCAs and/or the method used in the heat cost allocation process. That is why we proposed two easily applicable and clear methods, which may be used with two types of HCAs commonly used in the billing practice. The proposed methods were presented on the example of the actual allocation of variable heating costs for a multi-family building located in Poland, and the results of billing were compared with three other methods of variable heating costs allocation. Owing to the proposed methods, higher (K = 0.5260 for schema A, K = 0.4468 for schema B) values of the correlation coefficient between heating costs and the average indoor temperature were obtained than for the methods commonly used in accounting practice. Additionally, the use of the proposed method allows for the elimination of defective indications of heat... [more]
Railway Vehicle Energy Efficiency as a Key Factor in Creating Sustainable Transportation Systems
Małgorzata Ćwil, Witold Bartnik, Sebastian Jarzębowski
April 25, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: energy consumption, Energy Efficiency, railway
Railway transit forms the backbone of sustainable transportation systems, which are necessary to limit the effects of global warming. In this paper, the authors seek to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in energy consumption between distinct railway vehicle types. Firstly, the energy consumption measurement methods in the railway transportation sector are described and compared to each other in respect to precision and cost. Secondly, the use of energy consumption as a criterion in rolling stock tenders with the associated norm is analysed, particularly with regard to the life-cycle cost of railway vehicles. In the next part real life data on energy consumption of six distinct passenger electrical railway vehicle types is presented and analysed in order to compare the efficiency of different types of rolling stock. The differences in energy efficiency between rolling stock types may be used to improve the procurement process ensuring train operating comp... [more]
Energy Efficiency and Decarbonization in the Context of Macroeconomic Stabilization
Anna Misztal, Magdalena Kowalska, Anita Fajczak-Kowalska, Otakar Strunecky
April 25, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: decarbonization, economic growth, Energy Efficiency, macroeconomic stabilization
Decarbonization is an activity aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions to limit climate change and global warming. Ensuring macroeconomic stabilization is the basis for ecological action. The question is whether macroeconomic stabilization helps companies, institutions and countries act for decarbonization. This article presents research on the impact of components of macroeconomic stabilization on decarbonization and energy efficiency in the largest greenhouse gas emitters in the European Union from 1990 to 2020. We focus on the following countries, France, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain. The contribution to knowledge is using the pentagon of macroeconomic stabilization to assess macroeconomic stabilization’s impact on decarbonization and energy efficiency. According to the correlation coefficients, the Ordinary Least Squares and the Seemingly Unrelated Regression method, there is a statistically significant impact of components of macroeconomics stabilization on decarbonization... [more]
An Optimal Train Speed Profile Planning Method for Induction Motor Traction System
Ziyu Wu, Chunhai Gao, Tao Tang
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: dynamic programming, Energy Efficiency, induction motor, traction system, train speed profile
Optimizing the operating speed curve of trains without adding new energy storage facilities is essential in the energy-saving operation of railways. In this paper, we propose an optimal train speed curve planning method for driving trains more energy efficiently. A refined traction energy evaluation model for induction motor propulsion systems is first presented. The proposed model considers the efficiency of the traction motor at different operating points and the efficiency of the inverter and gearbox. Then, the optimal energy-efficient speed profile problem is transformed into a multistep decision problem and solved using dynamic programming (DP). To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a case study was conducted on an actual subway line. The results obtained indicate that the speed curve produced by the proposed method results in a 20% energy consumption saving compared with the speed curve for actual operations. Furthermore, the results of comparison with a genetic alg... [more]
Smart Agriculture Cloud Using AI Based Techniques
Muhammad Junaid, Asadullah Shaikh, Mahmood Ul Hassan, Abdullah Alghamdi, Khairan Rajab, Mana Saleh Al Reshan, Monagi Alkinani
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Keywords: AI-based agri-food, cloud based IoTs, digital transformation, Energy Efficiency, environment, smart farming
This research proposes a generic smart cloud-based system in order to accommodate multiple scenarios where agriculture farms using Internet of Things (IoTs) need to be monitored remotely. The real-time and stored data are analyzed by specialists and farmers. The cloud acts as a central digital data store where information is collected from diverse sources in huge volumes and variety, such as audio, video, image, text, and digital maps. Artificial Intelligence (AI) based machine learning models such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), which is one of many classification types, are used to accurately classify the data. The classified data are assigned to the virtual machines where these data are processed and finally available to the end-users via underlying datacenters. This processed form of digital information is then used by the farmers to improve their farming skills and to update them as pre-disaster recovery for smart agri-food. Furthermore, it will provide general and specific infor... [more]
Sustainable Water Supply Systems Management for Energy Efficiency: A Case Study
Izabela Zimoch, Ewelina Bartkiewicz, Joanna Machnik-Slomka, Iwona Klosok-Bazan, Adam Rak, Stanislav Rusek
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Keywords: Energy Efficiency, energy management, oversized water supply system, sustainable development, water–energy nexus
A prerequisite for achieving high energy efficiency of water supply systems (understood as using less energy to perform the same task) is the appropriate selection of all elements and their rational use. Energy consumption in water supply systems (WSS) is closely connected with water demand. Especially in the case of oversized water supply systems for which consumers’ water demand is at least 50% less than previously planned and flow velocity in some parts of the system is below 0.01 m·s−1, this problem of excessive energy consumption can be observed. In the literature, it is difficult to find descriptions and methods of energy management for such a case. The purpose of this study was both an evaluation of the current demand of an oversized WSS and a preliminary technical analysis of the possibility for energy saving. Solutions are presented that resulted in improvements in energy management, thus increasing energy efficiency. The conducted analyses indicate the wide use of numerical,... [more]
Energy Savings by Optimization of Thrusters Allocation during Complex Ship Manoeuvres
Jarosław Artyszuk, Paweł Zalewski
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: berthing, constrained optimization, Energy Efficiency, FMBS, harbour manoeuvring, ship control by joystick, simulator, thrust allocation
The International Maritime Organization adopted a strategy to reduce the total annual GHG emissions from international shipping by at least 50% by 2050, compared to 2008 levels. The European Union proposed an even farther reaching transformation: the European Commission adopted a set of proposals to make the EU’s transport policies fit for reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030, compared to 1990 levels. Therefore, all industrial actions in line and consistent with these strategies are essential. One of such activities may be a gradual transition from the most common independent controls of transport ships’ thrusters, propellers, and rudders to an integrated, power optimized, 3 degrees of freedom joystick control. In this paper, the full mission bridge simulator (FMBS) research on potential energy savings and, consequently, a GHG emission reduction, while steering a RoPax twin-screw ferry equipped with bow thrusters by a joystick control, is presented. The task of... [more]
Assessing the Impact of Water Efficiency Policies on Qatar’s Electricity and Water Sectors
Athar Kamal, Sami G. Al-Ghamdi, Muammer Koç
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: Energy Efficiency, energy policy, system dynamics, water-energy nexus
Water and electricity have a unique relationship in the modern world as one requires the other in a complex system of networks to supply the utility to the customers. This energy−water interaction is especially peculiar in the Gulf Cooperation Council, where there are limited water resources, but extremely high use rates. Qatar provides a unique case in terms of extreme water scarcity and excessive water use. To understand the intricate network, this paper establishes an updated and comprehensive qualitative model of the water system in the country with the help of a water balance and system dynamics (causal loop diagram) methodology. Regression estimates are then used to estimate future water and energy consumption in addition to carbon dioxide emissions until the year 2050. Finally, system dynamics (stock and flow diagram) is used to determine the supply impacts of efficiency policies including limiting of groundwater abstraction to only 50 million m3, reduction of water consumption... [more]
Evaluating the Dynamic Energy Production Efficiency in APEC Economies
Dan Wu, Ching-Cheng Lu, Xiang Chen, Pei-Chieh Tu, An-Chi Yang, Chih-Yu Yang
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: APEC, CO2 emissions, dynamic DEA, Energy Efficiency, GDP, translation adjustment
This study introduces the translation adjustment model of Seiford and Zhu (2002) into dynamic DEA models to measure and analyze the dynamic energy efficiency of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies from 2010 to 2014. The APEC economies are divided into annual energy and overall energy efficiency ratings, and improvement directions are proposed for the different variables. With the proposal of magnitude, this study discusses the changes in intertemporal conversion variables and proposes suggestions for improvement. Finally, this study analyzes the implications of energy investment and the efficiency policies of APEC economies. The results show that economies with the lowest overall energy efficiency ratings have great potential for improvement. Reducing capital stock, labor, fossil fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions while increasing GDP can increase energy efficiency ratings. However, economies do not want to reduce the state’s capital stock, and labor and population birt... [more]
Comparison of Energy Consumption of Cereal Grain Dryer Powered by LPG and Hard Coal in Polish Conditions
Marcin Dębowski, Przemysław Bukowski, Przemysław Kobel, Jerzy Bieniek, Leszek Romański, Bernard Knutel
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: cereal drying, Energy Efficiency, gas emission, hard coal, LPG
The calculation method commonly used in the industry takes into consideration mainly fuel consumption (excluding electricity) and the amount of removed moisture which is reflected in the unit MJ·(Mg·%)−1. This is not a scientific approach because the result will change if the basic moisture is different (drying from 21% to 18% will consume less energy than drying from 18% to 15%). This paper aims to compare the energy consumption of two industrial continuous flow grain dryers powered by LPG and hard coal based on a comprehensive approach to energy efficiency calculation enriched with electricity consumption, flow measurements, and control of grain moisture. It could be useful for manufacturers who could use this method to generate more reliable data in their product datasheets, and it could also be legally regulated as an appropriate tool for calculating the energy consumption of agricultural grain dryers. According to the approach presented in this paper, the S428.CS construction powe... [more]
An Evaluation Framework for Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods: Moving Beyond the Traditional Building Energy Assessment
Jaume Salom, Meril Tamm, Inger Andresen, Davide Cali, Ábel Magyari, Viktor Bukovszki, Rebeka Balázs, Paraskevi Vivian Dorizas, Zsolt Toth, Clara Mafé, Caroline Cheng, András Reith, Paolo Civiero, Jordi Pascual, Niki Gaitani
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Keywords: economic costs, Energy Efficiency, energy flexibility, energy production, indoor environmental quality, neighbourhoods, positive energy districts, social performance, sustainable urban areas
There are international activities and on-going initiatives, particularly at the European level, to define what Positive Energy Districts should be, as the driving concept for the urban transition to a sustainable future. The first objective of the paper is to contribute to the on-going and lively debate about the definition of the notion of Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhood (SPEN), which highlights the multiple dimensions when talking about sustainability in districts moving beyond the traditional and strict building energy assessment. Based on a holistic methodology which ensures the consideration of the multidimensional nature and goals of SPEN, the paper outlines an evaluation framework. The evaluation framework defines the key performance indicators distributed in five categories that consider energy and power performance, GHG emissions, indoor environmental quality, smartness, flexibility, life cycle costs and social sustainability. This framework is designed to be implemente... [more]
Implementing Smart City Technologies to Inspire Change in Consumer Energy Behaviour
Anna Mutule, Marcos Domingues, Fernando Ulloa-Vásquez, Dante Carrizo, Luis García-Santander, Ana-Maria Dumitrescu, Diego Issicaba, Lucas Melo
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: consumer behaviour, Energy Efficiency, gamification, ICT, smart city, smart metering
One of the main challenges in smart city models is consumer behaviour, namely guiding the efforts to promote optimal use of energy in the dynamics of the developing cities, through lower energy consumption without impact on the comfort level. This relates to all energy vectors and can be done through different means. The uptake stage of smart metering and information and communication technologies (ICT) varies in different countries, creating the need for tailored innovative approaches in motivating behavioural change. This paper presents the work carried out within the joint research project ITCity (an ICT platform for sustainable energy ecosystem in smart cities) between the European Union and Latin American Countries. Cooperation of energy researchers and experts in ICT and application developers facilitates adoption of a multipurpose interdisciplinary approach. This work aims at providing the smart city and energy research and innovation community broader understanding of factors i... [more]
The Effect of Marshallian and Jacobian Knowledge Spillovers on Jobs in the Solar, Wind and Energy Efficiency Sector
Luigi Aldieri, Jonas Grafström, Concetto Paolo Vinci
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: data envelopment analysis, Energy Efficiency, job creation, knowledge spillovers, patents
The purpose of this paper is to establish if Marshallian and Jacobian knowledge spillovers affect job creation in the green energy sector. Whether these two effects exist is important for the number of jobs created in related fields and jobs pushed away in other sectors. In the analysis, the production efficiency, in terms of jobs and job spillovers, from inventions in solar, wind and energy efficiency, is explored through data envelopment analysis (DEA), based on the Malmquist productivity index, and tobit regression. A panel dataset of American and European firms over the period of 2002−2017 is used. The contribution to the literature is to show the role of the spillovers from the same technology sector (Marshallian externalities), and of the spillovers from more diversified activity (Jacobian externalities). Since previous empirical evidence concerning the innovation effects on the production efficiency is yet weak, the paper attempts to bridge this gap. The empirical findings sugge... [more]
An Artificial Intelligence Empowered Cyber Physical Ecosystem for Energy Efficiency and Occupation Health and Safety
Petros Koutroumpinas, Yu Zhang, Steve Wallis, Elizabeth Chang
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, COVID-19, cyber-physical system, ecosystem, Energy Efficiency, OHS, remote industries, smart meter
Reducing energy waste is one of the primary concerns facing Remote Industrial Plants (RIP) and, in particular, the accommodations and operational plants located in remote areas. With the COVID-19 pandemic continuing to attack the health of workforce, managing the balance between energy efficiency and Occupation Health and Safety (OHS) in the workplace becomes another great challenge for the RIP. Maintaining this balance is difficult mainly because a full awareness of the OHS will generally consume more energy while reducing the energy cost may lead to a less effective OHS, and the existing literature has not seen a system that is designed for the RIPs to conserve energy usage and improve workforce OHS simultaneously. To bridge this gap, in this paper, we propose an AI Empowered Cyber Physical Ecosystem (AECPE) solution for the RIPs, which integrates Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), artificial intelligence, and mobile networks. The preliminary results of lab experiments and field tests pro... [more]
Evaluation of Sustainable Energy Development Progress in EU Member States in the Context of Building Renovation
Rita Remeikienė, Ligita Gasparėnienė, Aleksandra Fedajev, Marek Szarucki, Marija Đekić, Jolita Razumienė
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: building renovation, Energy Efficiency, entropy method, EU, investments, PROMETHEE method
The main goal of setting energy efficiency priorities is to find ways to reduce energy consumption without harming consumers and the environment. The renovation of buildings can be considered one of the main aspects of energy efficiency in the European Union (EU). In the EU, only 5% of the renovation projects have been able to yield energy-saving at the deep renovation level. No other study has thus far ranked the EU member states according to achieved results in terms of increased usage in renewable sources, a decrease in energy usage and import, and reduction in harmful gas emissions due to energy usage. The main purpose of this article is to perform a comparative analysis of EU economies according to selected indicators related to the usage of renewable resources, energy efficiency, and emissions of harmful gasses as a result of energy usage. The methodological contribution of our study is related to developing a complex and robust research method for investment efficiency assessmen... [more]
Quantum-Driven Energy-Efficiency Optimization for Next-Generation Communications Systems
Su Fong Chien, Heng Siong Lim, Michail Alexandros Kourtis, Qiang Ni, Alessio Zappone, Charilaos C. Zarakovitis
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Energy Efficiency, quantum computing, quantum deep neural networks, quantum entanglement, quantum machine learning, quantum superposition, resource optimization
The advent of deep-learning technology promises major leaps forward in addressing the ever-enduring problems of wireless resource control and optimization, and improving key network performances, such as energy efficiency, spectral efficiency, transmission latency, etc. Therefore, a common understanding for quantum deep-learning algorithms is that they exploit advantages of quantum hardware, enabling massive optimization speed ups, which cannot be achieved by using classical computer hardware. In this respect, this paper investigates the possibility of resolving the energy efficiency problem in wireless communications by developing a quantum neural network (QNN) algorithm of deep-learning that can be tested on a classical computer setting by using any popular numerical simulation tool, such as Python. The computed results show that our QNN algorithm can be indeed trainable and that it can lead to solution convergence during the training phase. We also show that the proposed QNN algorit... [more]
Power and Performance Evaluation of Memory-Intensive Applications
Kaiqiang Zhang, Dongyang Ou, Congfeng Jiang, Yeliang Qiu, Longchuan Yan
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Energy Efficiency, energy proportionality, memory system, memory-intensive computing
In terms of power and energy consumption, DRAMs play a key role in a modern server system as well as processors. Although power-aware scheduling is based on the proportion of energy between DRAM and other components, when running memory-intensive applications, the energy consumption of the whole server system will be significantly affected by the non-energy proportion of DRAM. Furthermore, modern servers usually use NUMA architecture to replace the original SMP architecture to increase its memory bandwidth. It is of great significance to study the energy efficiency of these two different memory architectures. Therefore, in order to explore the power consumption characteristics of servers under memory-intensive workload, this paper evaluates the power consumption and performance of memory-intensive applications in different generations of real rack servers. Through analysis, we find that: (1) Workload intensity and concurrent execution threads affects server power consumption, but a ful... [more]
Empirical Investigation of the Hygrothermal Diffusion Properties of Permeable Building Membranes Subjected to Variable Relative Humidity Condition
Toba Samuel Olaoye, Mark Dewsbury, Hartwig Künzel
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: diffusion resistivity, Energy Efficiency, hygrothermal analysis, interstitial condensation, moisture management, mould, permeable building membranes, varying relative humidity
Hygrothermal modelling is increasingly used to inform building envelope design. A key input for these calculations is the material’s vapour diffusion properties. Respecting a growing international concern, this research has questioned the appropriateness of the current test method to establish construction material for vapour diffusion properties. This article reports on the empirical measurement of the vapour diffusion properties of two vapour-permeable building membranes commonly used in Australia residential systems when subjected to variable relative humidity conditions. The method involved completing dry cup and wet cup standard tests as specified in ISO 12572, (23 °C and 50% relative humidity RH). Further tests were then conducted as temperature remained at 23 °C but the relative humidity changed to 35%, 65% and 80%, respectively, in order to know if the diffusion properties are the same or change with varying relative humidity. The results from the wet cup and dry cup tests unde... [more]
A TensorFlow Approach to Data Analysis for Time Series Forecasting in the Energy-Efficiency Realm
J. R. S. Iruela, L. G. B. Ruiz, M. I. Capel, M. C. Pegalajar
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Energy Efficiency, neural networks, TensorFlow, time series forecasting
Thanks to advances in smart metering devices (SM), the electricity sector is undergoing a series of changes, among which it is worth highlighting the ability to control the response to all events that occur in the electricity grid with the intention of making it more smart. Predicting electricity consumption data is a key factor for the energy sector in order to create a completely intelligent electricity grid that optimizes consumption and forecasts future energy needs. However, it is currently not enough to give a prediction of energy consumption (EC), but it is also necessary to give the prediction as fast as possible so that the grid can operate in the shortest possible time. An approach for developing EC prediction systems is introduced here by the use of artificial neural networks (ANN). Differently from other research studies on the subject, a divide-and-conquer strategy is used so that the target system’s execution switches from one to another specialized small models that fore... [more]
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