Abstract
The valorization of chicken manure via pyrolysis can give biowaste a second life to generate value and contribute to the circular economy. In the present study, the thermal degradation and pyrolysis characteristics of chicken manure pyrolysis were investigated via thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) coupled with optimization methods. Thermogravimetric data were obtained for the samples at five heating rates of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 °C/min over a range of temperature under inert conditions. The manure devolatilization process was initiated at between 328 and 367 °C to overcome the global activation energy barrier. The determined activation energy of the manure via Flynn−Wall−Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger−Akahira−Sunose (KAS), Friedman and Kissinger methods was in the range of 167.5−213.9 kJ/mol. By using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, the pyrolytic kinetic parameters of the individual component present in the manure were calculated, in which the activation energy for cellulose (227.8 kJ/mol) was found to be higher than that of hemicellulose (119 kJ/mol) and lignin (134.3 kJ/mol). Based on intrinsic transition-state theory, the pre-exponential factor and activation energy of the manure can be correlated through a linear equation ln Aα = 0.2006 Eα − 1.2847. The devolatilization characteristics of the chicken manure were elucidated via the optimization process, paving the way for the design of thermochemical conversion reactors and processes.