LAPSE:2020.0732
Published Article
LAPSE:2020.0732
A Stackelberg Game Approach for Energy Outage-Aware Power Distribution of an Off-Grid Base Station over Multiple Retailers
Seung Hyun Jeon, Joohyung Lee, Hong-Shik Park
June 23, 2020
This paper investigates the problem of power distribution for an off-grid base station (BS) that operates sustainably without an electrical grid. We consider that multiple retailers with heterogeneous renewable energy sources (RESs) compete to maximize their revenues by individually setting the unit power price. Energy outages (EOs), which cause the power supply to fall below that which is sufficient for ensuring the traffic arrival rate required for the off-grid BS, critically affect the users’ service quality. To minimize EOs and operational expenditure (OPEX), the off-grid BS manages the power supply by reacting to the retailers’ pricing decisions. We analyze the economic benefits of power distribution to the off-grid BS from the perspective of the retailers’ pricing competition, by designing a hierarchical decision-making scheme as a multi-leader single-follower Stackelberg game. We derive a closed form expression for the optimal behavior of the off-grid BS and retailers, based on well-designed utility functions. Finally, numerical results demonstrate the proposed solution with its practical convergence time.
Keywords
energy outage (EO), multi-leader single-follower Stackelberg game, multiple retailers, off-grid base station (BS), power distribution, unit power price
Suggested Citation
Jeon SH, Lee J, Park HS. A Stackelberg Game Approach for Energy Outage-Aware Power Distribution of an Off-Grid Base Station over Multiple Retailers. (2020). LAPSE:2020.0732
Author Affiliations
Jeon SH: School of Electrical Engineering, the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
Lee J: Department of Software, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
Park HS: School of Electrical Engineering, the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Journal Name
Energies
Volume
11
Issue
4
Article Number
E775
Year
2018
Publication Date
2018-03-28
Published Version
ISSN
1996-1073
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Original Submission
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PII: en11040775, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2020.0732
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doi:10.3390/en11040775
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Jun 23, 2020
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CC BY 4.0
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Jun 23, 2020
 
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Original Submitter
Calvin Tsay
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