LAPSE:2019.1306
Published Article
LAPSE:2019.1306
Production Process and Optimization of Solid Bioethanol from Empty Fruit Bunches of Palm Oil Using Response Surface Methodology
December 10, 2019
This study aimed to observe the potential of solid bioethanol as an alternative fuel with high caloric value. The solid bioethanol was produced from liquid bioethanol, which was obtained from the synthesis of oil palm empty fruit bunches (PEFBs) through the delignification process by using organosolv pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted using enzyme (60 FPUg−1 of cellulose) at a variety of temperatures (35 °C, 70 °C, and 90 °C) and reaction times (2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h) in order to obtain a high sugar yield. The highest sugars were yielded at the temperature of 90 °C for 48 h (152.51 mg/L). Furthermore, fermentation was conducted using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The bioethanol yield after fermentation was 62.29 mg/L. Bioethanol was extracted by distillation process to obtain solid bioethanol. The solid bioethanol was produced by using stearic acid as the additive. In order to get high-quality solid bioethanol, the calorific value was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) model. This model provided the factor variables of bioethanol concentration (vol %), stearic acid (g), and bioethanol (mL) with a minus result error. The highest calorific value was obtained with 7 g stearic acid and 5 mL bioethanol (43.17 MJ/kg). Burning time was tested to observe the quality of the solid bioethanol. The highest calorific value resulted in the longest burning time. The solid bioethanol has a potential as solid fuel due to the significantly higher calorific value compared to the liquid bioethanol.
Keywords
bioethanol production, calorific value, enzyme hydrolysis, organosolv pretreatment, response surface methodology, solid bioethanol
Subject
Suggested Citation
Nurfahmi, Mofijur M, Ong HC, Jan BM, Kusumo F, Sebayang AH, Husin H, Silitonga AS, Mahlia TMI, Rahman SMA. Production Process and Optimization of Solid Bioethanol from Empty Fruit Bunches of Palm Oil Using Response Surface Methodology. (2019). LAPSE:2019.1306
Author Affiliations
Nurfahmi: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; SMK SMTI Banda Aceh, Ministry of Industry, Aceh 23123, Indonesia
Mofijur M: School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
Ong HC: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW [ORCID]
Jan BM: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Kusumo F: Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia [ORCID]
Sebayang AH: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan 20155, Indonesia [ORCID]
Husin H: Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
Silitonga AS: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan 20155, Indonesia [ORCID]
Mahlia TMI: School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia [ORCID]
Rahman SMA: Biofuel Engine Research Facility (BERF), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia [ORCID]
Journal Name
Processes
Volume
7
Issue
10
Article Number
E715
Year
2019
Publication Date
2019-10-08
Published Version
ISSN
2227-9717
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Original Submission
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PII: pr7100715, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2019.1306
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doi:10.3390/pr7100715
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Dec 10, 2019
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CC BY 4.0
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Dec 10, 2019
 
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Calvin Tsay
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