LAPSE:2019.1230
Published Article
LAPSE:2019.1230
Leaching of Organic Toxic Compounds from PVC Water Pipes in Medina Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Muhammad Mansoor Shaikh, Marlia Mohd Hanafiah, Alfarooq O. Basheer
December 3, 2019
It is well established that the use of synthetic material in water pipes significantly affects the quality of domestic water, especially trace organics that are leached through with the flow of water. In the present study, the migration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from water pipes manufactured of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has been investigated using static laboratory conditions and in residential areas. The contact of deionized water with various PVC pipes for three successive test periods of 24, 48, and 72 h duration has been made. Twenty water samples were collected from houses within Medina Al-Munawarah residential area and were analyzed by using solid phase extraction, followed by high resolution gas chromatography with flame ionized detector (GC-FID). The presence of carbon tetrachloride (CTC), toluene, chloroform, styrene, o-xylene, bromoform (BF), dibromomethane (DBM), cis-1,3-dichloropropane (Cis-1,3-DCP), and trans-1,3-dichloropropane (Trans-1,3-DCP) was initially confirmed. The most frequent contaminants found were DBM, CTC, and toluene that were monitored in 55%, 50%, and 45% of samples, respectively. The levels of CTC, Cis-1,3-DCP, and Trans-1,3-DCP were found to exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) limits in 50%, 20%, and 20% of samples, respectively. The migration test indicated that nine of the targeted contaminants occur in a double distilled water sample incubated in pipe in laboratory level experiment. This implies that these components are more likely to migrate from PVC pipe in home plumbing systems network.
Keywords
drinking water, polyvinylchloride (PVC), solid phase extraction (SPE), volatile compounds
Subject
Suggested Citation
Shaikh MM, Mohd Hanafiah M, O. Basheer A. Leaching of Organic Toxic Compounds from PVC Water Pipes in Medina Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (2019). LAPSE:2019.1230
Author Affiliations
Shaikh MM: Center for Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Taibah University, Medina Al Munawarah-41411, Saudi Arabia
Mohd Hanafiah M: Center for Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43
O. Basheer A: Center for Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia [ORCID]
Journal Name
Processes
Volume
7
Issue
10
Article Number
E641
Year
2019
Publication Date
2019-09-20
Published Version
ISSN
2227-9717
Version Comments
Original Submission
Other Meta
PII: pr7100641, Publication Type: Journal Article
Record Map
Published Article

LAPSE:2019.1230
This Record
External Link

doi:10.3390/pr7100641
Publisher Version
Download
Files
[Download 1v1.pdf] (807 kB)
Dec 3, 2019
Main Article
License
CC BY 4.0
Meta
Record Statistics
Record Views
382
Version History
[v1] (Original Submission)
Dec 3, 2019
 
Verified by curator on
Dec 3, 2019
This Version Number
v1
Citations
Most Recent
This Version
URL Here
https://psecommunity.org/LAPSE:2019.1230
 
Original Submitter
Calvin Tsay
Links to Related Works
Directly Related to This Work
Publisher Version