The conventional modeling method of the marine steam turbine rotational speed control system (MSTRSCS) is based on Newton’s second law, constructing the mechanical equations between the rotational acceleration and the resultant torque. The disadvantages of this are nonlinearity, a complex structure and an infinite point of discontinuity in the rotational acceleration when the rotational speed is close to 0. Taking the kinetic energy of MSTRSCS as the output variable by using the kinetic energy theorem in this paper, we convert the complex nonlinear model of MSTRSCS into a linear one, since kinetic energy and rotational speed are homeomorphic. Model predictive control (MPC) adopts a discrete-time model, whereas the real system is time-continuous. Hence, poor performance is obtained in the real system when the time-discrete control law is applied to the MSTRSCS through the actuator. In case of high requirements for system accuracy and control performance, conventional MPC (CMPC) cannot meet the engineering requirements. In order to lessen the impact of this phenomenon, this paper proposes a novel MPC with actuator dynamic compensation (ADCMPC), in which the dynamics of the actuator are quantified and the system performance is improved. Compared with other control techniques such as CMPC, the performance of the ADCMPC strategy in MSTRSCS is successfully validated.