LAPSE:2019.0963
Published Article
LAPSE:2019.0963
Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Fat and Caffeine with Theobromine Retention in the Cocoa Shell
Fanny Adabel González-Alejo, Juan Barajas-Fernández, María de los Ángeles Olán-Acosta, Laura Mercedes Lagunes-Gálvez, Pedro García-Alamilla
August 15, 2019
The cocoa shell is a residue of low commercial value, which represents an alternative for obtaining substances of added value for the food and pharmaceutical industry. Substances of interest in the shell include fat and methylxanthines (theobromine and caffeine). In order to obtain the extraction behavior with supercritical CO2, a 23 factorial design was proposed with six central points, taking dynamic extraction into consideration. The following factors were involved: pressure (2,000−6,000 psi), temperature (313−333 K), and time (30−90 min). The obtained yield was between 3.66% and 15.30%. Fat was the substance that was extracted most effectively (94.73%). Caffeine demonstrated variability in the residue, with at least six treatments that exceeded a removal rate of more than 90%, while it was practically impossible to extract theobromine. The difference with regard to the extraction of theobromine may be attributed to its low solubility. Characterization using FT−IR showed the modifications before and after the process, providing clear evidence of the changes corresponding to the fat at 2,924, 2,854 and 1,745 cm−1. The results presented establish the basis for the extraction of substances such as fats and methylxanthines from a cocoa shell with the use of CO2.
Keywords
caffeine, cocoa shell, extraction of fat, supercritical extraction, theobromine
Subject
Suggested Citation
González-Alejo FA, Barajas-Fernández J, Olán-Acosta MDLÁ, Lagunes-Gálvez LM, García-Alamilla P. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Fat and Caffeine with Theobromine Retention in the Cocoa Shell. (2019). LAPSE:2019.0963
Author Affiliations
González-Alejo FA: División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias (DACA), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Carret. Villahermosa-Teapa Km 25 Ra. La Huasteca. Centro, Tabasco C.P. 86280, Mexico
Barajas-Fernández J: División Académica de Ingeniería y Arquitectura (DAIA), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Carret. Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez Km 1. Col. La Esmeralda. Cunduacán, Tabasco C.P. 86690, Mexico
Olán-Acosta MDLÁ: División Académica de Ingeniería y Arquitectura (DAIA), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Carret. Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez Km 1. Col. La Esmeralda. Cunduacán, Tabasco C.P. 86690, Mexico
Lagunes-Gálvez LM: División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias (DACA), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Carret. Villahermosa-Teapa Km 25 Ra. La Huasteca. Centro, Tabasco C.P. 86280, Mexico
García-Alamilla P: División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias (DACA), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Carret. Villahermosa-Teapa Km 25 Ra. La Huasteca. Centro, Tabasco C.P. 86280, Mexico [ORCID]
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Journal Name
Processes
Volume
7
Issue
6
Article Number
E385
Year
2019
Publication Date
2019-06-21
Published Version
ISSN
2227-9717
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Original Submission
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PII: pr7060385, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2019.0963
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doi:10.3390/pr7060385
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Aug 15, 2019
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CC BY 4.0
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Aug 15, 2019
 
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Calvin Tsay
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