LAPSE:2019.0261
Published Article
LAPSE:2019.0261
Optimization of Electrochemically Deposited Highly Doped ZnO Bilayers on Ga-Rich Chalcopyrite Selenide for Cost-Effective Photovoltaic Device Technology
Dimitra N. Papadimitriou, Georgios Roupakas, Georgios G. Roumeliotis, Patrick Vogt, Tristan Köhler
February 5, 2019
High quality polycrystalline bilayers of aluminium doped ZnO (Al:ZnO) were successively electrodeposited in the form of columnar structures preferentially oriented along the ( 10 1 ¯ 1 ) crystallographic direction from aqueous solution of zinc nitrate (Zn(NO₃)₂) at negative electrochemical potential of EC = (−0.8)⁻(−1.2) V and moderate temperature of 80 °C on gallium rich (30% Ga) chalcopyrite selenide Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) with chemically deposited ZnSe buffer (ZnSe/Cu(In,Ga)Se₂/Mo/glass). The aluminium doped ZnO layer properties have initially been probed by deposition of Al:ZnO/i-ZnO bilayers directly on Mo/glass substrates. The band-gap energy of the Al:ZnO/i-ZnO reference layers was found to vary from 3.2 to 3.7 eV by varying the AlCl₃ solute dopant concentration from 1 to 20 mM. The electrical resistivity of indium-pellet contacted highly doped Al:ZnO sheet of In/Al:ZnO/i-ZnO/Mo/glass reference samples was of the order ρ ~10−5 Ω·cm; the respective carrier concentration of the order 1022 cm−3 is commensurate with that of sputtered Al:ZnO layers. For crystal quality optimization of the bilayers by maintenance of the volatile selenium content of the chalcopyrite, they were subjected to 2-step annealing under successive temperature raise and N₂ flux regulation. The hydrostatic compressive strain due to Al3+ incorporation in the ZnO lattice of bilayers processed successively with 5 and 12 mM AlCl₃ dopant was εh = −0.046 and the respective stress σh = −20 GPa. The surface reflectivity of maximum 5% over the scanned region of 180⁻900 nm and the (optical) band gap of Eg = 3.67 eV were indicative of the high optical quality of the electrochemically deposited (ECD) Al:ZnO bilayers.
Keywords
annealing T-threshold, CIGS photovoltaics, current-voltage measurements, ECD process optimization, oriented Al:ZnO bilayers, scanning electron microscopy, transmittance/reflectance spectroscopy, van der Pauw measurement techniques, X-ray diffraction
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Suggested Citation
Papadimitriou DN, Roupakas G, Roumeliotis GG, Vogt P, Köhler T. Optimization of Electrochemically Deposited Highly Doped ZnO Bilayers on Ga-Rich Chalcopyrite Selenide for Cost-Effective Photovoltaic Device Technology. (2019). LAPSE:2019.0261
Author Affiliations
Papadimitriou DN: National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, GR-15780 Athens, Greece
Roupakas G: National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, GR-15780 Athens, Greece
Roumeliotis GG: National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, GR-15780 Athens, Greece
Vogt P: Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Hardenbergstr. 36, DE-10623 Berlin, Germany
Köhler T: Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Institut für Heterogene Materialsysteme, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, DE-14109 Berlin, Germany
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Journal Name
Energies
Volume
9
Issue
11
Article Number
E951
Year
2016
Publication Date
2016-11-15
Published Version
ISSN
1996-1073
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PII: en9110951, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2019.0261
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doi:10.3390/en9110951
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Feb 5, 2019
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