This paper proposes an active-current control strategy for large-scale wind turbines (WTs) to improve the transient stability of power systems based on a perturbation estimation (PE) approach. The main idea of this control strategy is to mitigate the generator imbalance of mechanical and electrical powers by controlling the active-current of WTs. The effective mutual couplings of synchronous generators and WTs are identified using a Kron-reduction technique first. Then, the control object of each WT is assigned based on the identified mutual couplings. Finally, an individual controller is developed for each WT using a PE approach. In the control algorithm, a perturbation state (PS) is introduced for each WT to represent the comprehensive effect of the nonlinearities and parameter variations of the power system, and then it is estimated by a designed perturbation observer. The estimated PS is employed to compensate the actual perturbation, and to finally achieve the adaptive control design without requiring an accurate system model. The effectiveness of the proposed control approach on improving the system transient stability is validated in the modified IEEE 39-bus system.