Pervious concrete is a kind of porous and permeable material for pavements and slope protection projects, etc. In this paper, a kind of pervious concrete was prepared with Portland cement, silica fume (SF), polycarboxylate superplasticizer (SP), and limestone aggregates. The performance of concrete, such as its porosity, pore distribution, permeability coefficients, and mechanical properties, were studied through laboratory tests. The volumetric porosity was measured by the water displacement method, and the planar porosity and pore size distribution were determined using image processing technology. A permeameter with a transparent sidewall and an exact sidewall sealing method were used to measure the permeability coefficients accurately. The results show that the segregation index and flow values of pastes increased with the increase of SP and water cement ratio (W/C). The measured porosity (volumetric porosity and planar porosity) of pervious concrete with a single-size aggregate was closer to the design porosity than that with the blended aggregate. Compared with the design porosity selected in this study, aggregate size was the main factor influencing the pore distribution of pervious concrete. The standard deviation of the permeability coefficient was less than 0.03 under different hydraulic gradients. It was found that the relationships between the permeability coefficient and volumetric porosity (or effective pore size d50) approximately obey polynomial function. Based on the test results, the optimized parameters were suggested for practical engineering: W/C of 0.26⁻0.30; 0.5% SP content; 5% SF content; 15⁻21% design porosity; and aggregate sizes of 4.75⁻9.5 mm and 9.5⁻16 mm.